What are Pharmaceutical Intermediates?
Pharmaceutical intermediates are chemical compounds that form the building blocks of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Pharmaceutical intermediates are produced as by-products during the production of APIs. Each reaction in the API production process produces a variety of different pharmaceutical intermediates. It can only be turned into API by further molecular change or refinement. Intermediates can be separated or not separated. Pharmaceutical intermediates are used in the production of bulk drugs and are also used by various pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies for research and development purposes.

What is API?
API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) refers to the active ingredient contained in a drug. Any substance or mixture of substances intended for use in the manufacture of a drug (drug), when used in the manufacture of a drug, will become the active ingredient of the drug product. Such substances are intended to provide pharmacological activity or other direct effects in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of a disease, or to affect the structure or function of the body.

If you consider an example-in a Tamiflu brand tablet, oseltamivir 30 mg is actually API (a powder responsible for the tablet's ability to treat influenza). But in fact, the tablet contains more than 30 mg of oseltamivir. In addition to oseltamivir, the tablet may also contain some colorants, binders, fillers, preservatives, etc. All these materials are collectively referred to as "excipients". Therefore, the combination of API (oseltamivir) and excipients (binders, fillers, colorants, etc.) constitutes any finished medicine (tablets, capsules, syrups, etc.)

What is the Difference Between API and Intermediate?
From the perspective of new drug development, an API is a compound that can be safely used in the human body for therapeutic diagnosis after sufficient pharmaceutical research. The pharmaceutical intermediate is a compound in the process of synthesizing the API, which may not have a therapeutic effect or be toxic. Please note that this is not necessarily the case, some intermediates in the synthesis of APIs are also APIs.

From the perspective of pharmaceutical management, APIs must be registered with the drug regulatory authority (FDA in the US and EMEA in Europe) according to law and synthesized in a GMP-compliant plant after obtaining the approval number. The intermediate is only a byproduct in the process of synthesizing the API and does not need to obtain an approval number. It should be noted that although some compounds are the same as APIs, if they have not obtained the approval number or are not produced in the GMP factory, they are not APIs.

Traditionally, APIs and intermediates are produced by pharmaceutical companies in their home countries. But in recent years, many companies have chosen to shift manufacturing overseas to reduce costs. As a result, many pharmaceutical companies are located in the United States and the United Kingdom, but most API and intermediate manufacturers are overseas. The largest regions are in Asia, especially India and China. Some researches indicate that compared with North America and Europe, the production costs associated with pharmaceutical intermediates, APIs, and final drug formulations are about 50-60% lower in emerging Asian markets. This has caused significant changes to how these drugs are regulated, with more rigorous guidelines and inspections put into place.

Except for Pharmaceutical Intermediates, lots of Pesticides and Pesticides Intermediates are widely used in agriculture and production.

Aluminum Alloy Parts are a composition consisting mainly of aluminum to which other elements have been added. The alloy is made by mixing together the elements when aluminum is molten (liquid), which cools to form a homogeneous solid solution. The other elements may make up as much as 15 percent of the alloy by mass. Added elements include iron, copper, magnesium, silicon, and zinc. The addition of elements to the Aluminum Parts gives the alloy improved strength, workability, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, and/or density, compared with the pure metallic element. Aluminum alloys tend to be lightweight and corrosion resistant.

And the Die Casting Aluminum Alloy Parts can be used for Aluminium Die Casting, Permanet Mold Casting and so on. These Aluminum Alloys will become the best High Pressure Die Casting Parts and Pressure Die Casting Parts.

Identifying Aluminum Alloys
Alloys have common names, but they may be identified using a four-digit number. The first digit of the number identifies the class or series of alloy.

1xxx - Commercially pure aluminum also has a four-digit numerical identifier. Series 1xxx alloys are made of 99 percent or higher purity aluminum.
2xxx - The principal alloying element in the 2xxx series is copper. Heat treating these alloys improves their strength. These alloys are strong and tough, but not as corrosion resistant as other aluminum alloys, so they are usually painted or coated for use. The most common aircraft alloy is 2024. Alloy 2024-T351 is among the hardest of the aluminum alloys.
3xxx - The main alloying element in this series is manganese, usually with a smaller amount of magnesium. The most popular alloy from this series is 3003, which is workable and moderately strong. 3003 is used to make cooking utensils. Alloy 3004 is one of the alloys used to make aluminum cans for beverages.
4xxx - Silicon is added to aluminum to make 4xxx alloys. This lowers the melting point of the metal without making it brittle. This series is used to make welding wire. Alloy 4043 is used to make filler alloys for welding cars and structural elements.
5xxx - The principal alloying element in the 5xxx series is magnesium. These alloys are strong, weldable, and resist marine corrosion. The 5xxx alloys are used to make pressure vessels and storage tanks and for various marine applications. Alloy 5182 is used to make the lid of aluminum beverage cans. So, aluminum cans actually consist of at least two alloys!
6xxx - Silicon and magnesium are present in 6xxx alloys. The elements combine to form magnesium silicide. These alloys are formable, weldable, and heat treatable. They have good corrosion resistance and moderate strength. The most common alloy in this series is 6061, which is used to make truck and boat frames. Extrusion products from the 6xxx series are used in architecture and to make the iPhone 6.
7xxx - Zinc is the principal alloying element in the series starting with the number 7. The resulting alloy is heat-treatable and very strong. Important alloys are 7050 and 7075, both used to construct aircraft.
8xxx - These are aluminum alloys made with other elements. Examples include 8500, 8510, and 8520.
9xxx - Presently, the series starting with the number 9 is unused.

What Is the Strongest Aluminum Alloy?
Manganese added to aluminum increases its strength and yields an alloy with excellent workability and corrosion resistance. The highest strength alloy in the non-heat-treatable grade is alloy 5052.

Aluminum Alloy Classification
In general, the two broad categories of aluminum alloys are wrought alloys and casting alloys. Both of these groups are subdivided into heat-treatable and non-heat-treatable types. Around 85% of aluminum is used in wrought alloys. Cast alloys are relatively inexpensive to produce because of their low melting point, but they tend to have lower tensile strengths than their wrought counterparts.

Remember when painting all 10 fingers and toes in black nail polish was the hot thing? Trends in nail fashions have come a long way, baby. The expected reds, pinks and taupes have been replaced by all shades of blue, green and yellow, sometimes even worn all at once on alternating fingers. And then there are the designs -- intricate works of art created on a tiny nail scale to add pattern and color. But getting this done at a nail salon can be costly and there's no guarantee it will last very long. Fortunately, manufacturers of nail products have figured out a way to get the same results at home.

Nail Sticker Pros and Cons
Nail stickers mainly function as nail art. You typically buy them in pre-cut sizes that cover your entire nail, or as decals or appliqués that add pattern and design to your existing nail look. One of the great things about nail stickers is that you can achieve intricate and artful details on your nails without paying a nail artist a lot of money to create them. This savings also means that you can afford to change it up more often. Unlike polish strips, some nail stickers have a little dimension to them so the patterns often look like they've been painted on. The decals usually come on clear sheets that let you look at different placements on your nails before peeling them off. The stickers are supposed to be easy to remove, usually just by soaking in warm water and peeling them off -- and the big bonus is they don't damage your nails. They're water resistant and if you use clear polish over them, they'll last a lot longer. And there are many different Nail Sticker for diferent design or functions like 3D Nail Sticker, Water Transfer Nail Sticker, Nail Foil Transfer Sticker and so on.

One of the big cons is the sizing and application process. The stickers come in one size fits most and the proportions don't always match up with your nail dimensions, so you may have gaps on the sides. Decals can be tricky to get on just right, especially when working with your non-dominant hand. If you apply stickers near the tips of your nails, they'll chip along with your nail polish, so it's best to keep them on the nail bed. One of the biggest pros is that they're quick and easy, but if you want to add shine that nail polish typically provides, at minimum you'll still have to apply a clear base coat. And while the stickers do come with an adhesive back, it's not meant to be permanent, so if you want them to stay on for a while, you'll also need to add a clear top coat. Neither of these are deal breakers, but they do add a little more time and effort.

Nail Polish Strip Pros and Cons
Polish strips are revolutionary products that are designed to make DIY manicures fast and easy. These products boast that they offer a base coat, a color coat and a top coat in one fell swoop. They're made of actual nail polish, so they have the look and shine that we're used to, but they don't have the drying time, chance of smudges and smears, or Q-tip clean up that wet polish requires, and they're just as easy to remove with nail polish remover. Polish strips come in nail shaped appliqués that are different sizes on each end to accommodate different sized nails. Unlike nail stickers, which are fixed widths, polish strips stretch length and width-wise to achieve a better fit. And if you don't get it on the first time, you can remove and reapply them without messing them up. They come in solids as well as patterns so you have lots of color options and are supposed to be durable enough to last up to 10 days.

But what goes up must come down, so as expected, there are some cons to these exciting products, which is mainly the price. They're only about 10 dollars a set, but this is considerably more costly than a bottle of nail polish and you get a lot more than a single application out of that. And just like nail polish, if they're not stored properly, they'll dry out. While they have more give in size than nail stickers, if you have oddly shaped or overly large nails, you may still have a tough time making them fit perfectly. And while they're easy to remove, they may leave your nails feeling a little brittle and rough, much like after you've had polish on for a while. The quality of the product varies among different manufacturers, so you may have to try a few different kinds to find the ones you like best. And beware -- because of their stretchy nature, the patterned designs may not remain consistent within a single nail or from nail to nail.

Except for the two mention above, there are other Nail Tools for Nail Art Decoration such as Nail Glitter and Nail Powder, Nail Rhinestone, Nail Sequins, etc.

Trampoline, an elevated resilient webbed bed or canvas sheet supported by springs in a metal frame and used as a springboard for tumbling. Trampolining, or rebound tumbling, is an individual sport of acrobatic movements performed after rebounding into the air from the trampoline.

Although rebound tumbling has existed for centuries, it did not achieve wide popularity until the 20th century, when it became a featured attraction performed by circus acrobats. The modern sport was born in 1936 with the development of the present-day trampoline by American gymnast George Nissen.

The first unofficial American trampolining competition took place in 1947, followed by the first official American championships in 1954. The sport was included in the Pan-American Games for the first time in 1955. In 1962 the first open international trampolining event took place in West Germany, after which the first world championship was held in England in 1964. Immediately after the 1964 competition, officials from participating countries met to form the International Trampoline Association, the sport's worldwide governing body. Trampoline gymnastics debuted as an Olympic sport in 2000.

A competition consists of one compulsory and one optional routine, with the winners of those events performing another optional routine. Each routine is limited to 10 contacts with the trampoline, with competitors scored on difficulty, execution, and form. But for most of time, trampoline is used as an entertainment for children and family.

Finding ways to keep children occupied during the long days of summer can be a challenge! There is so much daylight and only so many activities you can come up with when your children need some outdoor play encouragement. But, if you have a trampoline (or know someone who does) your options for outdoor family fun are almost endless! And there are many types of trampoline with different shpaes or functions to choose from, such as Rectangular Trampoline, Oval Trampoline, Inground Trampoline, Fitness Trampoline, Big Trampoline, External Trampoline, Internal Trampoline, Luxury Trampoline, Children Trampoline, etc.

Trampoline newbies
Our family got our first trampoline this summer. I was a little nervous about it but I soon realized there is SO much fun be had and so many new trampoline games to play. My boys have already spent many hours on the trampoline this summer. Now that we have it I can’t imagine our yard or a summer evening without it. The trampolines of today, with their padded spring covers and fall-proof nets, are so much safer than the trampolines I grew up on. It's a lot more fun for us parents knowing the kiddos are safe.

Trampoline safety tips
Even though trampolines are designed to be safer than they used to be doesn't mean you still shouldn't take some precautions. Here are a few trampoline safety tips for kids. Go over these rules with your little ones before they play and remind them of the importance of being safe on the trampoline.

Adult supervision on a trampoline is always required.
Always use a safety net around your trampoline.
No gymnastic exercises or stunts, such as somersaults or flips.
Never allow children to bounce off the trampoline.
To prevent young children from getting on without supervision, do not leave a ladder or chair near the trampoline.
Make sure your trampoline is on a clear, flat area free from potential hazards, such as fences, hedges, trees, washing lines or other equipment.
Always carefully review the safety materials included with your trampoline.

What is a gearbox?
When it comes to gearing components, things can get confusing quickly. There are many terms that gear manufacturers as well as engineers and designers use to talk about what sometimes is essentially the same thing. The term "gearbox" is one of those terms, often times used interchangeably with gearhead or gear reducer… even though they sometimes refer to slightly different physical arrangements of gears.

The most basic definition of a gearbox is that it is a contained gear train, or a mechanical unit or component consisting of a series of integrated gears within a housing. In fact, the name itself defines what it is - a box containing gears. In the most basic sense, a gearbox functions like any system of gears; it alters torque and speed between a driving device like a motor and a load.The gears inside of a gearbox can be any one of a number of types from bevel gears and spiral bevel gears to wormgears and others such as planetary gears. The gears are mounted on shafts, which are supported by and rotate via rolling element bearings. The gearbox is a mechanical method of transferring energy from one device to another and is used to increase torque while reducing speed.

Gearboxes are used in many applications including machine tools, industrial equipment, conveyors, and really any rotary motion power transmission application that requires changes to torque and speed requirements.

So it's clear - a gearbox is always a fully integrated mechanical component consisting of a series of mating gears contained in a housing with shafts and bearings (to support and resolve loads) and in many cases a flange for motor mounting. Most of the motion industry makes no differentiation between the terms gearhead and gearbox. But in a few contexts, the term gearbox specifically refers to housed gearing as described above while the more general term gearhead refers to assemblies otherwise open gearing that installs within some existing machine frame. The latter are targeted to compact or battery-powered mobile designs necessitating especially tight integration and omission of extra subcomponents. Here, a series of parallel plates might support the gear-train shafts (and their bearings) and allow bolting to a motor face.

Types Of Gearbox
1. Sliding Mesh Gearbox
It is the simplest type of gearbox. In this gearbox, spur gears are used. The Figure shows the construction of a sliding mesh type transmission having three forward and one reverse speeds. There are three gears attached on the main shaft and four gears on the layshaft. The two gears on the main shaft can be slided by a shafting yoke and mesh with the gears on a layshaft. Therefore, it is called a sliding mesh gearbox. A separate idler gear is mounted on the idler shaft.

2. Constant Mesh Gearbox
Figure shows the construction of a constant mesh type gearbox having three forward and one reverse speeds. In this type of gearbox, all gears are constantly in mesh and dog clutches are used for engaging and disengaging the gears. The dog clutches (D) and D2) are mounted on the main shaft. One (D2) is connected between clutch gear and reverse gear whereas the other (D)) is placed between low speed gear and reverse gear. The splines are provided on the main shaft for the linear movement of dogs. Dog clutch can slide on the shaft and rotate along with it. All gears are rigidly fixed on the counter shaft. All main shaft and layshaft gears, and idler gears are engaged by dog clutch to obtain opposite and slow speed. Only reverse gears are spur gear type and all others are helical gears.

As compared with the sliding mesh type, the constant mesh type gearbox meshes more readily with the gears having less danger of damaging during meshing because the gear diameters are smaller with few numbers of teeth. So, this type has more defects when compared to a synchromesh type. The necessity of double clutching is needed so that it is not used to any large extent.

For sure, there are many kinds of gearboxed for different application, such as Small Car Gearbox, Light Truck Gearbox, Heavy-duty Gearbox, ATV Gear Box, Agricultural Gearbox, Electric Vehicle Gearbox, Motorcycle Gearbox, Electric Vehicle Gearbox, Heavy-duty Gearbox, etc.

Great cookware is one of the best investments you can make, but there are so many choices and picking the right product can be difficult. The first thing you should determine is what kind of cooking you want to do, how many people you are most likely to cook for and your level of expertise. You should build your selection by choosing basic pieces first and then adding specialty pans that you desire.

Types of Cookware
The first thing you should look for when looking for new cookware is the different types of pieces that are available. If you are a beginner you will most likely need efficient and cost-effective solutions for your cookware needs. So let's start out with the basics, when selecting new cookware there are four major pieces to consider: a stock pot, a fry pan, a sauté pan, and last but not least, a saucepan.

Stock Pot
The Stockpot is a large, deep pot with a flat bottom. It is used to cook liquid foods that do not need to be extremely close to the heat source. Stockpots let you sauté or brown, and then add liquids when making stocks, soups, or stews. Their tall profiles are great for keeping pasta submerged during boiling. This particular pot comes in a variety of sizes and it's smart to keep in mind that having multiple sizes comes in handy when one has to cook for either a small or large group.

Frying Pan / Skillet
The fry pan or skillet is an essential kitchen workhorse and may be one of the most versatile pieces of cookware you'll ever own. Flipping omelets, stir-frying, and even searing proteins is easy with the right fry pan. These pans are designed with a flat bottom and curved sides, making them a perfect choice for turning foods over or simmering with oils. How hot can they get? That depends on the material your pan is made of. Nonstick pans shouldn't exceed low or medium heat to retain their coating, while high heat is fine for stainless steel. Frypans and skillets come in all sizes (yes, even ones built for single eggs) and typically don't come with a lid.

Fry Pans
Another form of skillets are Cast Iron Skillets. Cast Iron Skillets are similar to fry pans, however the main difference is the care and the material they are made out of. Seeing as these skillets are made of cast iron they can be pretty heavy. The best advice, if you haven't ever used a skillet, would be to come in and hold a skillet prior to purchase. When selecting a Cast Iron Skillet, be sure that it is preseasoned. The issue with skillets that are not pre-seasoned is that food will stick to it. To properly care and clean a cast iron skillet follow the instructions below.

Cast Iron Skillets
The Sauté Pan is meant for sautéing, which translates into being able to fry food while moving it around quickly in the pan, all while covered with a lid. Sauté pans are similar to fry pans when it comes to the design, they too have a flat bottom, however the main difference between fry and sauté pans is that instead of having rounded sides, sauté pans have straight sides. Seeing as they are deeper than a fry pan, sauté pans can be used for multiple uses in addition to sautéing. Some of these uses are deep-frying, searing, and preparing certain sauces such as marinara.

SaucePan
The Sauce Pan has a rounded bottom and tall, straight sides. This means that they are a very versatile cookware choice, and can be used when making all kinds of sauces and soups. These pans can be used with or without a lid to control evaporation, which is why sauce pans are a go-to in any kitchen. A sauce pan is also ideal for many other uses - from reheating leftovers and preparing grains, to boiling eggs or noodles.

There are other special pans called Wok and Steam Pot which are widely used as well.

When you want to move a lot of items or big stuff, you need a special vehicle that can bring so many items in a dump. The best vehicle that can load a lot of items at the same time is a truck. What is actually a truck? A truck is a kind of heavy vehicle that is used to load big items and it has a very strong engine. Anyway, let us find out all about a range of trucks for your information.

What is a truck used for?
In general, trucks are used to load heavy items or a large number of items from one place to another place. This truck is usually used in industry to transfer a large number of products. This truck also comes with some wheel options. The number of wheels resembles the size of the truck and how much it can load stuff. The bigger the size of the truck, the more it can load goods. Somehow, there are so many types of trucks that are used according to its function.

What are the types of trucks?
Somehow, every type of truck has its own function and use. There are so many types of trucks that you should know based on its function such as:

Boat Haulage Truck
This truck is very powerful and big enough. It has a function to move a boat from the factory to the release location. This truck also has a very long body and only runs slowly when it loads a boat. Moreover, this truck is not used for distant travel or only used around the factory area.

Car Transporter
Car transporter is a type of truck that is used to load some cars at the back. A car transporter truck comes with various sizes depending on the number of the car that it can load. It usually has two levels of back loaders. Each level can load three up to four cars.

Cement Truck
The cement truck is a kind of truck which is used to mix cement for the industry. Basically, it has a medium-sized body with a tube on the back. The tube will spin to mix the cement in large quantities.

Crane Truck
Crane truck is a type of truck that load a crane tower for the industry too. It has a different body design from other conventional trucks. This truck is used to reach a very high area for the purposes of installation.

Container Truck
A container is a kind of big truck that has a big container at the back. The container has a square form to load items and make them safe during the transfer. Container truck also comes with various sizes from the smallest one to the largest one.

Emergency Response
Emergency response truck is a type of truck which is used for an emergency situation. Usually, it is used for fire rescue by firefighters. This truck loads a fire rescue tool and water. It does not have a too big body size and only has six wheels.

Tanker Truck
Tanker truck is a kind of truck which is used to load oil and water supply with a big tank at the back. Moreover, it also comes with various size starting from six wheel tank truck, ten wheels, and even twenty wheels.

There are still many different types of trucks that I can't mention here like Light-duty Truck, Heavy-duty Truck, Special Purpose Truck, Pickup Truck, Light-duty Cargo Truck, Box Truck, Dump Truck and Heavy-Duty Lorry Truck. For those heavy duty truck, Truck Tractor and Truck Trailer are also needed.

Aluminium Formwork is called the aluminum alloy formwork for building. It is a new generation of formwork system after wood formwork and steel formwork. The aluminum template is designed according to the modulus, extruded by special equipment, and can be freely combined according to different structural sizes. The design, development and application of aluminum formwork is a major development in the construction industry. The application of the aluminum formwork system in the construction industry has improved the construction efficiency of housing construction projects, including construction materials and manual arrangements, which have greatly saved a lot.

Aluminum formwork is a building template made of aluminum alloy, also known as aluminum alloy formwork. It refers to the design and design according to the modulus. The aluminum formwork is made by extruding the special equipment. With a complete set of universal accessories, it can be assembled to form a complete overall formwork with different dimensions and complex dimensions, and a system template for assembly and industrial construction, which solves the defects of the traditional formwork in the past and greatly improves the construction efficiency. The design, development and application of aluminum formwork is a major development in the construction industry. It can be widely used as Column formwork, Table formwork, Residential Buildings Formwork and so on.

Aluminium Formwork System is a construction system for forming cast in place concrete structure of a building. It is also a system for scheduling and controlling the work of other construction trades such as steel reinforcement, concrete placement and mechanical and electrical conduits. The advantages Aluminium Formwork is that it is quick to set up, very precise, and very sturdy. It can be used repeatedly with low average use-cost. This formwork system adopts the integral extrusion forming which is highly economical. Construction of this type of formwork is Convenient and Effective. For proper installation and implementation, this system needs expert supervision.

Benefits of Aluminium Formwork System
The Company provides Aluminium Formwork for RCC load bearing or RCC framed multi-storied buildings and enables the walls and slabs to be poured in the parallel process. These increases efficiency and also produces an extraordinarily strong structure with excellent concrete finish. Fine tolerance is achieved in the machined metal formwork components, consistent concrete shapes and finishes are obtained floor after floor. This allows plumbing and electrical fittings to be prefabricated with the certain knowledge that there will be an exact fit when assembled.

Unlike other construction systems, the company's Formwork Systems of aluminium forms can be erected by unskilled labour and without the need for hoisting cranes. The largest panel weighs not more than 25 kgs which means it can be handled by a single worker. Also, there are other kinds of systems like Flat Tie formwork System, Rod Tie formwork System and Villa Aluminum Formwork System.

Aluminium formwork system offers competitive costing with improved quality, at an international standard. Using this system formwork, the overhead cost is lesser, thus posing a great advantage for builders. On a long-term, 2/3rd construction time is reduced. With guaranteed and proven minimum of 200 cycle times Monolithic Casting Aluminium Panel Formwork reduces break-even time and provides a superior wall finish, thereby saving a lot of finishing time and plastering material.

For these formwork, Aluminum Formwork Accessories such as Pin and Wedge, Adjustable Prop, etc. are also indispensible.

Some wear only one jacket all winter. Others alternate between 2 or 3 jackets. It's important to consider the temperature (obviously) and what you intend to do with your ski jacket. For example, for an intense day of cross-country skiing, even if it's -20°C, you'll opt for a thin windproof coat. On the other hand, we'll usually prefer a long, thick and well-insulated jacket for an evening stroll in the city.

WHAT KIND OF WINTER JACKET DO YOU NEED?
Winter jacket can be devided into many kinds for different people or functions, such as Girls Winter Jackets, Boys Winter Jackets, Mens Winter Jackets, Ladies Winter Jackets, etc. There are three main types of winter jackets. To find the right one for you, think about the activities you plan on doing. Do you need a jacket for walking around town and going to work, or are you looking for something to wear in the backcountry?

Technical jackets are the best choice for those looking for lightweight warmth that allows for full range of movement when engaging in outdoor activities. These jackets that are suitable not only for cold weather, but for various activities like skiing, ice climbing and mountaineering.

These jackets will include more technical features like helmet-compatible hoods and pit-zips to increase airflow during high-intensity activities. Generally, technical jackets are more lightweight than casual around-town winter jackets, and will be more compressible and packable. Most technical jackets made for intense winter pursuits will feature a 3-layer (3L) construction. This term is most often associated with membranes like GORE-TEX that use a layering system to create durable waterproof shells, perfect for wearing on top when layering. More layers can sometimes mean more weight, so some technical jackets will be designed to reduce bulk and weight while maintaining total weather protection.

Some coats are warm coats that are chic enough for the office, happy hour or a shopping trip downtown. These coats will be a bit longer and have features designed for added comfort like a larger hood - sometimes trimmed with fur - and lined pockets. Here, technical details are not particularly necessary because the winter coat will not be used for high intensity activities. Instead, the most crucial element when it comes to urban coats is thermal capacity.

Some jackets look just as good in the city as they do on the slopes! They combine attractive style and functionality, with a number of technical details and a well thought-out design. Some offer, among other things, models designed for long days in the mountains, but that are warm enough for days spent in the city.

In general, the jackets in this category will be waterproof and protect you well from difficult weather, while being sufficiently insulated. Another interesting detail is that it's often possible to get a quality jacket at a reasonable price. In addition, it's often a jacket that can be worn all winter long because of its versatility.

POCKETS ARE PRACTICAL
Pockets are an essential part of our winter jacket. Having secure and utilitarian pockets allows your coat to be functional and organized. Look for a jacket with an internal pocket that's compatible with an audio cable so you can move around while listening to the latest hits. This pocket can also hold your important cards if your wallet is too big to keep up with you on the slopes. For those looking for a technical winter jacket for mountaineering or backcountry skiing, check the location of the pockets and their depth. Pockets that are easily accessible and large enough can make all the difference.

For clothes for other seasons like normal jacket and pants, there are also some differents design or function. For example, there are obvious special design for differnt people in clothes like Kids Jackets, Girls Jackets, Boys Jackets, Girls Pants, Boys Pants and so on.

Evaporator is an important component together with other major components in a refrigeration system such as compressor, condenser and expansion device. The reason for refrigeration is to remove heat from air, water or other substance. It is here that the liquid refrigerant is expanded and evaporated. It acts as a heat exchanger that transfers heat from the substance being cooled to a boiling temperature.

Evaporator Construction Types
There are three types of Cooler Evaporator. construction that are commonly being used today:
Shell and Tube Type Evaporator and Plate Surface construction have the entire surface in contact with the evaporating refrigerant inside. Finned construction are bare-tube coils upon which fins(metal plates usually Aluminium) are being installed. A more detailed discussion on this type of design will be provided here.

Finned Evap.
The fins are added to the bare-tube to increase the heat transfer capability. They act as heat collector that pick up heat from the surrounding air and conduct it to the refrigerant inside the tube hence improving the efficiency in cooling the air of the surrounding. They are best used in the air-cooling space where the temperature is around 34°F. Having fins mean the surface area for heat transfer has been extended. This means that the finned coils can have more compact in design compared to the bare-tube type of similar capacity. In summary, finned coils help to reduce coil cost, size and weight.

Thermal Contact and Fin Spacing
Good thermal contact between the fins and tubes is a must to ensure efficient heat transfer. They can be soldered together. The other more practical method is to expand the fins by pressure such that they bite into the tube surface hence a good thermal contact is established.The spacing of the fin depend on the operating temperature of the coil. Low temperature application uses only 1 fin. In air conditioning application, 14-16 fins per inch may be used as long it is designed in such a way that frost does not accumulates in the coils.Excessive finning may reduce the capacity of the evap. by restricting the flow of air over the coil hence the design engineers must do a proper system calculation and simulation at design stage.

Another essential part for a cooling system is a Condenser. In a cooling cycle of a refrigeration system, heat is absorbed by the vapor refrigerant in the evaporator followed by the compression of the refrigerant by the compressor. The high pressure and high temperature state of the vapor refrigerant is then converted to liquid at the cond. It is designed to condense effectively the compressed refrigerant vapor.

There are basically three types of condensing unit depending on how the heat is removed by the condensing medium which is usually water, air or a combination of both.

Air-Cooled types are usually used in the residential and small offices applications. They are used in small capacity systems below 20 tons. The advantages of using this design include not having to do water piping, not necessary to have water disposal system, saving in water costs and not much scaling problems caused by the mineral content of the water. It is also easier to install and has lower initial cost. There isn't much maintenance problems.The disadvantages are that it requires higher power per ton of refrigeration, has shorter compressor life and on days when most cooling is required, the least is available.

The circulation of Air Cooled Condenser can be by natural convection or by forced convection (usually using blower or fan). Due to its limited capacity, natural convection is used in smaller applications such as freezers and refrigerators. In forced convection, air is circulated by using a fan or blower that pulls the atmospheric air through the finned coils. Internally, the refrigerant circulates through the coil and air flows across the outside of the tubes.
For Water Cooled Condenser, there are 3 types commonly being used. They are shell and tube, shell and coil, and double tube. The most commonly used is the shell and tube type and are usually available from two tons up to couple of hundred tons. This design has lower power requirements per ton of refrigeration and the compressors can last longer compared to the air-cooled type. A water cooling tower is frequently used for higher capacity application.
Evaporative type is a combination of water and air-cooled.

Except for these components, there are also some Condensing Unit needed for a refrigeration like Water Cooled Condensing Unit, Air Cooled Condensing Unit, Air Handling Unit, etc.