A bolt is a form of threaded fastener with an external male thread requiring a matching pre-formed female thread such as a nut. Bolts are very closely related to screws. Bolts are designed to pass through an unthreaded hole in a component and be fastened with the aid of a nut, although such a fastener can be used without a nut to tighten into a threaded component such as a nut-plate or tapped housing. They are often used to make a bolted joint. This is a combination of the nut applying an axial clamping force and also the shank of the bolt acting as a dowel, pinning the joint against sideways shear forces. For this reason, many bolts have a plain unthreaded shank (called the grip length) as this makes for a better, stronger dowel. The presence of the unthreaded shank has often been given as characteristic of bolts vs. screws, but this is incidental to its use, rather than defining.
Bolts use a wide variety of head designs, as do screws. These are designed to engage with the tool used to tighten them. Some bolt heads instead lock the bolt in place, so that it does not move and a tool is only needed for the nut end. Many bolts use a screwdriver head fitting, rather than an external wrench. Screwdrivers are applied in-line with the fastener, rather than from the side. These are smaller than most wrench heads and cannot usually apply the same amount of torque. It is sometimes assumed that screwdriver heads imply a screw and wrenches imply a bolt, although this is incorrect. Coach screws are large square-headed screws with a tapered wood screw thread, used for attaching ironwork to timber. Head designs that overlap both bolts and screws are the Allen or Torx heads; hexagonal or splined sockets. These modern designs span a large range of sizes and can carry a considerable torque. Threaded fasteners with screwdriver-style heads are often referred to as machine screws whether they are being used with a nut or not. There are many types of bolts, such as hex bolt - Bolt with a hexagonal head and threaded body. Section immediately under head may or may not be threaded; carriage bolt - Bolt with a smooth rounded head and a square section to prevent turning followed with a threaded section for a nut; anchor bolt - Bolt designed to allow objects to be attached to concrete. The bolt head is usually placed in concrete before it has cured or placed before the concrete is poured, leaving the threaded end exposed; U-bolt - Bolt shaped like the letter U where the two straight sections are threaded. A straight metal plate with two bolt holes is used with nuts to hold pipes or other round objects to the U-bolt.
Flange bolts have a circular flange under the head that acts like a washer to distribute the load. Flange bolts that are non-serrated are sometimes called frame bolts. A flange bolt differs from the common bolt in that it has a wider surface area under the head to provide for an even distribution of clamping pressure. This wider surface acts like a washer, eliminating the need to combine one with this kind of bolt. Flange bolts are available in numerous sizes, strengths, and configurations. Like most other types of fasteners on the market, metric flange bolts are available for any applications that require them. Specially designed flange bolts are equipped with anti-rotational “teeth” designed to “bite” or dig into the material one might need to fasten together. Similar to the locking rings one might see on a soda bottle or milk jug, these teeth on the flange bolt can be turned backward, but often require more force. This type of design is what makes a flange bolt uniquely and strategically different from a common bolt.
Hexagon socket bolts with cylindrical head are also referred to as hexagon socket bolts, cup-head screws, and hexagon socket screws. The names are different, but the meaning is the same. Commonly used hexagon socket head screws also have 4.8, 8.8, 10.9, and 12.9. Also called hexagon socket screws, also called hexagon socket bolts. Its head is hexagonal and cylindrical. According to the material, there are stainless steel and iron. There are stainless steel SUS202 hexagon socket head cap screws. This is a common stainless steel material. There are stainless steel SUS304 hexagon socket cap screws and stainless steel SUS316 hexagon socket cap screws. The iron is classified according to the strength grade of the hexagon socket head screw. There are 4.8 grade hexagon socket head screws, 8.8 grade hexagon socket head screws, 10.9 grade hexagon socket head screws, and 12.9 grade hexagon socket head screws. Grade 8.8-12.9 hexagon socket head cap screws are called high-strength, high-grade hexagon socket bolts.
Stud bolts, also known as double-headed screws. It is used to connect the fixed link function of the machine. The stud bolt has threads at both ends, and the screw in the middle is thick or thin. Generally used in mining machinery, bridges, automobiles, motorcycles, boiler steel structures, pendant towers, long-span steel structures and large buildings. And square bolts are now most commonly used for aesthetic purposes to provide a rustic look in a new structure or to match existing fasteners in an older structure. Square lag screws are also used for these purposes. Crossarm or machine bolts are commonly supplied for the utility industry and included an added cone point. Expansion bolts can be used to secure heavy objects to walls or floors and handle vertical and horizontal loads. By tightening the bolt, the nut on the opposite end pulls into the shell, expanding it outward and wedging it inside the hole in the wall or floor. It requires a spanner or socket wrench to fasten or undo the bolt and ideal for heavy duty fastening of steel and wood structures walls and floors.
Nuts, parts that are screwed together with bolts or screws for fastening, are a kind of original that must be used in all production and manufacturing machinery. According to different materials, it is divided into several types such as carbon steel, stainless steel, non-ferrous metals (such as copper). Nuts are parts that tightly connect mechanical equipment. Through the inner threads, nuts and bolts of the same specification can be connected together. For example, M4-P0.7 nuts can only be connected with M4-P0.7 series bolts (in the nut). Among them, M4 means the inner diameter of the nut is about 4mm, and 0.7 means that the distance between the two threads is 0.7mm); the same is true for American products, for example, a 1/4-20 nut can only be matched with a 1/4-20 screw ( A 1/4 finger nut has an inner diameter of about 0.25 inches, and 20 fingers have 20 teeth in each inch).
The hexagonal nut is used in conjunction with screws, bolts and screws to connect and fasten parts. Among them, the Type 1 six-purpose nut is the most widely used. The C-level nut is used for machines, equipment or structures with rough surface and low precision requirements; A-level and B-level nuts are used for relatively smooth surfaces and high precision requirements. machine, equipment or structure. The thickness M of the type 2 hexagon nut is thicker, and it is mostly used in occasions where assembly and disassembly are often required. The thickness M of the hexagonal thin nut is relatively thin, and it is mostly used in situations where the surface space of the connected parts is limited.
The flange nut is a nut with a wide flange on one end that acts as an integral washer. This serves to distribute the pressure of the nut over the part being fastened, reducing the possibility of damage to the part and making it less likely to loosen due to uneven tightening surfaces. These nuts are mostly hexagonal in shape and are made of hardened steel, usually plated with zinc.
In many cases, the flange is fixed and turns with the nut. The flanges may be serrated to provide locking. The serrations are angled so that the nut does not rotate in the same direction as the nut is loosened. Because of the serrations, they cannot be used with washers or on scratched surfaces. The serrations help prevent the vibration of the nut from moving the fastener, thus maintaining the retention force of the nut. Flange nuts sometimes feature rotating flanges that help create a more stable structure without affecting the finished product like serrated flange nuts. Swivel flange nuts are mainly used to join wood and plastic. Sometimes both sides of the nut are serrated, allowing either side to lock. Self-aligning nuts have male spherical flanges that mate with female dish washers to allow the nut to tighten on surfaces that are not perpendicular to the nut. A spring cushion is installed under the nut to prevent the nut from loosening.

The coffee mug is sintered from negative ion powder, tourmaline, high-quality clay and other basic materials. The high concentration of negative ions released from the high coffee mug can electrolyze the water to generate negatively charged hydroxide ions, making the macromolecules in the water smaller and enhancing the solubility and penetration of water. Therefore, the drinking water in the coffee mug has a stronger dissolving ability for the beverage, and the beverage effect is better. Pouring water into a coffee cup can increase the activity of water, regulate human endocrine, adjust the balance of yin and yang in the human body, promote metabolism, improve human microcirculation, and have good medical and health care effects on relieving various diseases. There are many kinds of materials for coffee cups, such as pottery, stainless steel, bone china and so on. Porcelain and pottery are both glazed and fired. The texture of pottery is relatively rough and slightly absorbent. If the glaze falls, that part will be easily polluted and cannot be washed off; The bone china cup has good thermal insulation, which can keep the coffee warm in the cup, but the price is very high; the double-layer stainless steel cup has high thermal insulation, durable and will not be worn, and the price is slightly better than that of bone china coffee.
Stainless steel is designed to resist reaction with the weak acids that we use for cooking. Stainless steel tumblers could be used to keep homemade lemonade cold and you can be sure that no reaction will occur. Stainless steel keeps your liquids tasting good and there is no transfer of odor. Stainless steel has long-life properties inherent in it and these properties don't diminish over time or with repeated use. It also features an excellent strength-to-weight ratio, meaning that even very light steel is still very strong, especially when you compare it to alternatives like different grades of aluminum, polystyrene, plastics, or glass. In fact, glass and ceramic containers (which are popular alternatives to steel) are so unstable that they're actually banned in many venues and events for health and safety reasons. Meanwhile, aluminum is susceptible to corrosion and pinhole leaks and bottles made with it typically have interior linings that can disintegrate over time. Petroleum-based plastics easily crack and degrade with repeated uses, washing, and exposure.
Recent discoveries regarding toxic chemicals in drinkware, such as BPA and Phthalates, have set the entire health community buzzing. These toxins are typically found in plastic containers, as well as in the lining of many aluminum bottles. This has made stainless steel the best option for the health-conscious outdoorsman, where insulated cups with lids are popular. Steel is an alloy that's composed of all-natural elements, therefore it's non-toxic and free of nasty elements like BPA, lead, and zinc. These all can lead to conditions like cancer and endocrine disruption. Thanks to its inherent antibacterial and hygienic properties, stainless steel has been widely used in the food and medical industries for years, even in the most critical of sanitary environments. Stainless steel is also non-reactive to acidic beverages and it offers a clean, neutral taste that won't affect the smell or flavor of your drinks. And there are stainless steel wine tumbler, the best way to enjoy your favorite wines. They keep drinks cold for up to 24 hours, and hot beverages stay warm for 12 hours or more. The double-walled vacuum insulation prevents condensation on the exterior of the cup so you can easily hold it without getting wet; stainless water bottle, one touch bottle and mini flask as well.
The outdoor jug is a jug carried during outdoor sports. It has become a basic configuration for outdoor enthusiasts because of its durability, safety, reliability, convenience and insurance, and the ability to choose patterns of different colors and styles according to personal preferences. As a tool for carrying water, the kettle has a simple structure and is convenient to carry. This outdoor kettle adopts a double-layer vacuum design, which can keep warm and cold for 24 hours; with a large-capacity design, it is necessary for outdoor sports and family travel; its strap and TPR soft rubber handle are designed to be portable and easy to carry; the design of the cup cover makes It is more convenient to drink water; in addition, you can customize the color and LOGO design.
The soup cup consists of thermos food pot, thermal soup cup & pot, insulated soup pot. It adopts a double-layer vacuum design, which can keep warm and cold, and has an automatic exhaust design, that the lid can be easily opened after loading hot food. Also it can hold various foods such as soup and porridge, and the large diameter is easy to clean; in addition, you can customize the color and LOGO design.

Mixtures of aromatic compounds of flavors and fragrances preparations (in some cases a single compound) of aroma compounds that impart a specific aroma to various consumer products. There are several products it includes, such as Ambroxide Ambroxan, synthesized from sclareol, with a special ambergris fragrance, is used as a fixative for perfume and cosmetic essence and often it used as a perfuming agent and a fixative for soap, talcum powder, cream, shampoo and a perfuming agent for blended cigarettes; Natural Sclareol 95% & 98%, sclareol is white crystalline powder extracted from natural Labiate salvia sclarea. It has a faint delicate amber fragrance with strong diffusivity and lasting smell, which can give vivid, harmonious and lasting fragrance to essence. It is mainly used in synthesizing substitutes for natural ambergris such as sclareolide and ambroxide, and is less used in preparing essence; Pure Clary Sage Oil, Pure Lavender Essential Oil, Stachyose Prebiotic and Pure Ferulic Acid Powder.
A dietary supplement is a manufactured product intended to supplement one's diet by taking a pill, capsule, tablet, powder, or liquid. A supplement can provide nutrients either extracted from food sources or that are synthetic in order to increase the quantity of their consumption. The class of nutrient compounds includes vitamins, minerals, fiber, fatty acids, and amino acids. Dietary supplements can also contain substances that have not been confirmed as being essential to life, but are marketed as having a beneficial biological effect, such as plant pigments or polyphenols. Animals can also be a source of supplement ingredients, such as collagen from chickens or fish for example. These are also sold individually and in combination, and may be combined with nutrient ingredients. The European Commission has also established harmonized rules to help insure that food supplements are safe and appropriately labeled. Creating an industry estimated to have a 2020 value of $140.3 billion, there are more than 50,000 dietary supplement products marketed in the United States, where about 50% of the American adult population consumes dietary supplements. Multivitamins are the most commonly used product among types of dietary supplements. The United States National Institutes of Health states that supplements "may be of value" for those who are nutrient deficient from their diet and receive approval from their medical provider.
The principal raw materials used for manufacturing cosmetics are oily materials such as oils, fats, wax esters, and ester oils, and surface-active agents are used as emulsifiers, solubilizing agents, etc. Humectants, thickening agents, film formers as well as polymers are used as powders, ultraviolet absorbents, antioxidants, sequestering agents, coloring agents such as dyes and pigments, along with vitamins, pharmaceutical agents such as plant extracts and perfume. Oil has the ability to dissolve fats and is widely used as a component of cosmetics. Oily materials control the evaporation of moisture from the skin and are used mainly to improve the feeling on use. The solute in a solution can be adsorbed to a gas–liquid, liquid–liquid, or liquid–solid surface. These remarkable changes in the properties of surfaces are called surface activity and the so-called surface-active agents are materials demonstrating unusual surface activity. This surface activity is exploited in emulsification, solubilization, permeation, wetting, dispersion, cleansing, etc. Cosmetic Raw Materials is based on various materials and ingredients perform in accordance to the chemicals and its key functionalities. The properties and uses of the cosmetic materials are generally possible to be divided into two categories. The first is the principal raw ingredient of cosmetics. The primary function of cosmetics is that they are made in large proportion in cosmetic preparations. These substances play a role in a number of cosmetic formulations, stable or given colour, aroma, and other characteristics, but they are vital. Natural cosmetics raw materials are available for every product.
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China. It has been described as "fraught with pseudoscience", and the majority of its treatments as having no logical mechanism of action. It has evolved over thousands of years. TCM practitioners use various psychological and/or physical approaches (such as acupuncture and tai chi) as well as herbal products to address health problems.
TCM extract is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine product with a relatively clear medicinal effect and strict quality standard, which is obtained by using advanced technology to extract, separate and process traditional Chinese medicinal materials or traditional Chinese medicine compounds. A new product form, it is the main raw material of botanical preparations and can be widely used in natural health products. According to the nature of the extracts, it can be divided into four categories: single herbal extracts (using different extraction methods) such as Ganoderma lucidum, ginseng, ginkgo biloba, Luo Han Guo, Xianrencao, etc.; compound herbal extracts such as Buzhong Yiqi Decoction, Sishen Soup, Liuwei Dihuang Pill, Qibao Meiran Dan, Xiaoyao Powder, etc.; Chinese medicine monomers such as ginkgo flavonoids, ginkgolides, soybean isoflavones, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, cordycepin, etc.; derivatives of Chinese medicine extracts such as indigo red of Qingdai, about this One point is still controversial. The chemical composition of the standard extract of traditional Chinese medicine is usually a group of active ingredients composed of a variety of pharmacologically active substances in a certain proportion. Control has considerable advantages.

Arylboronic acids are important reagents for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Especially, arylboronic acid esters have the advantages of high stability, low toxicity, and easy operation, and are widely used in the synthesis of drugs and active natural products. .In addition, in biology, material science and medical research, arylboronic acids have been widely used in carbohydrate sensors, enzyme inhibitors and nucleoside and carbohydrate transport carriers. Therefore, the development of efficient and mild aromatic The synthesis method of boronic acid has always been the focus of chemists. The cross‐coupling of arylboronic acids and derivatives with DAST‐type reagents under mild and metal‐free conditions to directly afford sulfinamides in moderate to good yields. Moreover, sulfonamides were obtained after a simple oxidation reaction. The reaction mechanism was investigated by 18O‐labeling experiments, and the synthetic utility was demonstrated by the sulfoxidation of natural products.
Bis(pinacolato)diboron is widely used in the catalytic monoboration and diboration of carbon–carbon multiple bonds. Although known for over 90 years, only in the past two decades has the chemistry of diboron compounds been extensively explored. Many interesting structural features and reaction patterns have emerged, and more importantly, these compounds now feature prominently in both metal-catalyzed and metal-free methodologies for the formation of B–C bonds and other processes.
Organoboric acid is a class of organoboron compounds with the general formula R-B(OH)2, also known as hydrocarbyl boronic acid. It is a product in which one hydroxyl group of boronic acid (B(OH)3) is replaced by an organic group. Organoboronic acid is more stable than its inorganic acid parent (HB(OH)2), but it can still be hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to generate boronic acid. Organoboronic acid has important applications in organic synthesis, such as Suzuki coupling reaction. Due to their versatility as synthetic intermediates in the preparation of complex molecules, boronic acids and derivatives play important roles in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
Potassium trifluoroborates are a special class of organoboron reagents that offer several advantages over the corresponding boronic acids and esters in that they are moisture- and air-stable, and are remarkably compliant with strong oxidative conditions. Sodium tetrafluoroborate is an inorganic compound with formula NaBF4. It is a salt that forms colorless or white water-soluble rhombic crystals and is soluble in water (108 g/100 mL) but less soluble in organic solvents. Sodium tetrafluoroborate is used in some fluxes used for brazing and to produce boron trifluoride. Potassium Trifluoroborate and Tetrafluoroborate Salts are both a class of compounds with the anion BF4−.
Chiral compounds refer to the same molecular weight and molecular structure, but the left and right arrangements are opposite, such as the real object and its enantiomer in the mirror. Human's left and right hands have the same structure, and the order from the big to the little finger is also the same, but the order is different. The left hand is from left to right, and the right hand is from the opposite, so it is called "chirality". That is, a pair of molecules. A chiral compound can contain no improper axis of rotation (Sn), which includes planes of symmetry and inversion center. Chiral molecules are always dissymmetric (lacking Sn) but not always asymmetric (lacking all symmetry elements except the trivial identity). Asymmetric molecules are always chiral.
Alkylboronic acids such as methylboronic acid and butylboronic acid are highly active catalysts for the dehydrative amide condensation of α-hydroxycarboxylic acids. The catalytic activities of these alkylboronic acids are much higher than those of the previously reported arylboronic acids. Alkenyl and alkyl acids are substituted boronic acids with carbon-boron bonds, represented by R-B(OH)2. These Lewis acids are "green" compounds due to their inherent low toxicity and rapid environmental degradation. We provide high quality alkenyl acids for alkylboronic acid derivative formation and other chemical synthesis applications.
Alkenyl boronic acids are important organic synthons that are widely used in the preparation of high value-added alkenyl compounds and multifunctional alkyl boronic acid esters. Cross-coupling or lithium-halide exchange-boration reactions of alkenyl halides and their analogs are a common method for preparing alkenyl boronic esters. However, the alkenylboronic acids derivatives and their analogs are relatively expensive and complicated to prepare, which limits the general use of this method to a certain extent. Hydroboration and carboration of alkynes are another commonly used method for the preparation of alkenyl boronic esters. However, most of the hydroboration reactions of terminal alkynes can only produce 1,2-disubstituted alkenyl boronate esters, and rarely 1,1-disubstituted alkenyl boronate esters; hydroboration of asymmetric internal alkynes or carbon The boronation reaction lacks practical value due to the lack of regioselectivity.
Due to their versatility as synthetic intermediates in the preparation of complex molecules, boronic acids and boronic acid derivatives play important roles in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Boric acid is also one of the basic raw materials for the production of other borides, such as heterocyclic boronic acids and derivatives, other compounds, intermediate and so on.

Electrocardiogram (ECG)
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a simple test that can be used to check your heart's rhythm and electrical activity.
Sensors attached to the skin are used to detect the electrical signals produced by your heart each time it beats.
These signals are recorded by a machine and are looked at by a doctor to see if they're unusual.
An ECG may be requested by a heart specialist (cardiologist) or any doctor who thinks you might have a problem with your heart, including your GP.
The test can be carried out by a specially trained healthcare professional at a hospital, a clinic or at your GP surgery.
Despite having a similar name, an ECG isn't the same as an echocardiogram, which is a scan of the heart.
When an ECG is used
An ECG is often used alongside other tests to help diagnose and monitor conditions affecting the heart.
It can be used to investigate symptoms of a possible heart problem, such as chest pain, palpitations (suddenly noticeable heartbeats), dizziness and shortness of breath.
An ECG can help detect:
arrhythmias – where the heart beats too slowly, too quickly, or irregularly
coronary heart disease – where the heart's blood supply is blocked or interrupted by a build-up of fatty substances
heart attacks – where the supply of blood to the heart is suddenly blocked
cardiomyopathy – where the heart walls become thickened or enlarged
A series of ECGs can also be taken over time to monitor a person already diagnosed with a heart condition or taking medication known to potentially affect the heart.
How an ECG is carried out
There are several different ways an ECG can be carried out. Generally, the test involves attaching a number of small, sticky sensors called electrodes to your arms, legs and chest. These are connected by wires to an ECG recording machine.
You don't need to do anything special to prepare for the test. You can eat and drink as normal beforehand.
Before the electrodes are attached, you'll usually need to remove your upper clothing, and your chest may need to be shaved or cleaned. Once the electrodes are in place, you may be offered a hospital gown to cover yourself.
The test itself usually only lasts a few minutes, and you should be able to go home soon afterwards or return to the ward if you're already staying in hospital.
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
The diagnosis, management, and estimated mortality risk in patients with hypertension have been historically based on clinic or office blood pressure readings. Current evidence indicates that 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring should be an integral part of hypertension care. The 24-hour ambulatory monitors currently available on the market are small devices connected to the arm cuff with tubing that measure blood pressure every 15 to 30 minutes. After 24 hours, the patient returns, and the data are downloaded, including any information requested by the physician in a diary. The most useful information includes the 24-hour average blood pressure, the average daytime blood pressure, the average nighttime blood pressure, and the calculated percentage drop in blood pressure at night. The most widely used criteria for 24-hour measurements are from the American Heart Association 2017 guidelines and the European Society of Hypertension 2018 guidelines. Two important scenarios described in this document are white coat hypertension, in which patients have normal blood pressures at home but high blood pressures during office visits, and masked hypertension, in which patients are normotensive in the clinic but have high blood pressures outside of the office. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has made changes in its policy to allow reimbursement for a broader use of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring within some specific guidelines. Primary care physicians should make more use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, especially in patients with difficult to manage hypertension.
What are the features to look for before buying an ECG machine?
Electrocardiography is the process of producing a recording of the electrical activity of the heart, in the form of a graph, using electrodes placed on certain specific spots on the body. This graph is called electrocardiogram.
For the purpose of producing an electrocardiogram, the standard practice now is to place 10 electrodes in the following 10 different positions on the body: 4 Limbs ( Left Arm, Right Arm, Left Leg and Right Leg) + 6 on the chest on specific locations near the heart. Potential (Voltage difference) is measured between two of the electrodes or a common virtual electrode, called as the Wilson’s central terminal. Wilson’s central terminal is the average potential measurements between three of the limb electrodes – Right arm, Left arm and Left Leg. These voltage difference measurements are called “Leads”.
In all 12 ‘leads’ are required to complete the ECG graph. These 12 leads include, 3 limb leads, 3 augmented limb leads and 6 chest leads (also called precordial leads). While the three limb leads are measurements of potential / voltage difference between the limb electrodes, the augmented limb leads and chest leads (also called precordial leads) are potential difference between the limb and chest electrodes vs the virtual electrode (Wilson’s central terminal).
Often people use the term ‘lead’ for electrodes also and hence cause confusion as to whether there are 10 leads or 12 leads in an ECG machine.
When a patient cardiac activity needs to be monitored for a longer period of time; ECG variants with fewer number of electrodes are used to help aid mobility – such as with 3-electrodes or 5-electrodes (These may be confusingly called 3-lead / 5-lead ECGs – but the numbers 3 & 5 here refer not to the number of leads obtainable but the number of electrodes used). As against the 12-leads ECGs, the 3 & 5-electrode ECGs capture less information. The 3-elecrode ECGs -capture only the limb-leads but no anterior view, hence useful for rhythm monitoring. In a 5-electrode ECG all the 6 limb leads and one chest view is also captured. If someone says e.g. 5-channel ECG or 5-leads ECG, they essentially mean 5-electrodes ECG. So, what is a channel?
Channel – The other term commonly used in reference to ECG machine is number of ‘channels’. ECG machines may come as single channel, 3-channel, 6-channel or 12-channel configurations. Each lead measurement done aPre-owned GE Mac ECG machines detailed above is then passed through an ‘amplifier’ channel and recorded. In a single-channel system, each lead is recorded and displayed one at a time.
In a multi-channel system, the ECG has a microprocessor which manages this processing of signals based on the number of channels. The signals are amplified, filtered and sent to a multiplexer. The multiplexer receives all the inputs, reconstructs signals, de-multiplexes and sends the output to display screen or chart recorder. If it is a 3-channel ECG, the microprocessor groups the signals received from the 12-leads, in 4 groups of 3 and processes them. Similarly, in 6-channel it is in two groups and 12-channel device the same 12-leads are processes simultaneously. Hence, higher the number of channels, faster the ECG recording would be. Clearly, ‘channels’ is different from ‘electrodes’ or ‘leads’.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound: A Practical Guide for Primary Care
Ultrasound has head-to-toe applications for primary care, and the newest machines are portable and affordable enough to fit into almost any practice.
Family physicians can order a wide range of imaging services for patients. But barriers such as time, money, and physical distance sometimes prevent patients from accessing those services, causing gaps in care. Incorporating point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) into clinical practice is one way to bridge those gaps.
Technological advancements have allowed more physicians to bring ultrasound services to the office visit or bedside, and to make POCUS an integral part of practice. I [Dr. Deutchman] was an early adopter, adding ultrasound to my rural practice in 1980 after delivering a surprise set of twins in the wee hours of the morning. I have never since been surprised by twins, nor missed an ectopic pregnancy. In addition, I [Dr. Shen-Wagner] first used POCUS during residency in 2011, after a patient complained that it felt like her intrauterine device (IUD) had moved. Everything looked normal on the pelvic exam, but a hand-me-down ultrasound machine from the clinic's obstetrics department revealed the unmistakable flutter of a tiny heartbeat. The patient was pregnant, despite having an IUD for three years.
These are just two examples of the many ways POCUS can benefit doctors and patients. There is robust evidence that POCUS improves care in critically ill patients and improves the efficiency and safety of many invasive ambulatory surgeries that are otherwise performed blindly or by anatomic landmarks. There is also preliminary but growing evidence that POCUS can improve diagnostic capabilities, expedite patient care, and inform bedside treatment and management. Most recently, POCUS has proven to be a valuable tool for confirming COVID-19 diagnoses, as well as monitoring some symptoms of the disease.
The hands-on, “showing while telling” nature of POCUS advances physical diagnosis skills, fosters doctor-patient communication, and increases patient satisfaction. This article outlines some common uses for POCUS and explains how to add it to a practice.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Solutions
Electrocardiogram (ECG) systems record the electrical activity of the heart over time by measuring electric potentials on the surface of living tissue. A biopotential electrode is used to pick up heart signals from specific locations on the body. The differential voltage between two electrodes, or the differential voltage between one electrode and the average voltage of multiple electrodes, can be measured and displayed as one channel on the ECG printout.
The primary function of the AFE is to digitize the heart signals. This process is complicated by the need to reject interference from strong RF sources, pace signals, lead-off signals, common-mode frequency, signals from other muscles, and electrical noise. Typically, the AFE includes instrumentation amplifiers (INAs), filtering, and ADCs. There are two kinds of ECG architecture design approaches—ac coupling and dc coupling.

Buying an Adjustable Dumbbell Set - What to Look for
Buying an Adjustable Dumbbell Set - What to Look for
Dumbbells are an excellent piece of equipment to buy for a home gym of any size. As you can probably tell from our large video library of exercise videos, we are big fans of bodyweight exercises. You really don't need a gym in order to get fit, but there are a few very simple and inexpensive tools that infinitely increase the number of exercises you can do and the muscle groups that you can hit.
Dumbbells are definitely one of those essential pieces of equipment. In fact, if you were only going to buy one or two things, dumbbells would be one of 2 (including an exercise mat and maybe a physioball) near necessities that I would recommend purchasing.
One popular option available for this particular fundamental fitness device is the adjustable dumbbell variety. When you buy an adjustable dumbbell set you significantly reduce the amount of necessary storage. This can be especially helpful if you don't have an entire room dedicated to your home gym; these can usually be tucked away or stored in a closet without taking up too much extra space. This version also typically ends up costing you less than buying a full set of individual, fixed weights.
With all the different purchasing options out there, you want to make sure that you get the highest quality adjustable kettlebells that with withstand many years of use. Here are what features to look for in terms of quality, durability, and function when you're shopping around for this product.
Look for an adjustable dumbbell set that has plates that are easy to switch out
Because you won't be able to just grab a weight and jump into an exercise, you want to make sure that the set that you choose is one that allows you to switch plate weights out quickly and without a lot of fuss. You don't want to cut into your workout time or let your heart rate slow and muscles get cold in between sets while you change the mass that you're lifting. Research to ensure that the plates are held on in a method that is durable and not going to wear down after six months of use.
Read the reviews of the particular adjustable dumbbells that you are looking at buying
Look for all of the features you would normally look for in a handweight; durability, a comfortable grip, your desired thickness of the handles, and an enduring, non offensive coating. Make sure that the size and length of the overall apparatus is going to work for the exercises that you most commonly make a part of your routine. It doesn't matter if you save money on this purchase if you don't end up actually utilizing them because they aren't user-friendly!
Buy a set that encompasses the both minimums and maximums that you need for your specific workouts
Make sure that the adjustable dumbbell set you buy covers both the lightest and heaviest weights that you need for your exercise program. It doesn't hurt to even think ahead a bit in terms of strength gains; it would be very disappointing to buy the weights and then quickly outgrow them.
Also pay attention to the increments of the weights. Consider whether you will need half pound increments or not. Contemplate before making any purchase what you will be using them for; heavy lifting, strength gains, light toning, etc. This will help you decipher which end of the lb spectrum you need to be on in terms of the ranges of heaviness.
Make sure that the set has plates that wont slide
If an adjustable dumbbell doesn't have a proper securing mechanism, the plates might end up being lose on either side and this would cause a “clanking” that could end up both pinching you (rare) or being just plain annoying. Make sure that there is a securing agent that holds the weights securely in place, and then that there is also a bumper of some kind or another that goes in between the plates and the fastener to allow for very little wiggle room.
Choose a set that stores away efficiently
This is one of the least important factors to consider while you're shopping around but considering that the saving of space is one of the perks of this type of weight, it's worth considering. Make sure that the adjustable dumbbells come in a case that allows you to quickly and ergonomically store away your mini home gym.
Why the Rowing Machine Deserves Your Attention
Whether you're getting to know the lay of the land in your local gym, or you're considering a new fitness machine for your home, it's time you got to know the indoor rower, also known as the ergometer or rowing machine. While it may look intimidating at first, it's actually more beginner-friendly than you might think—and it provides one hell of a workout. All the deets, here.
What Is the Rowing Machine?
The ergometer is essentially mimicking the rowing of a shell (aka boat), like those you see in the Olympics, according to Evan Tyrrell, owner of F45 Training in La Jolla, CA.
"The rowing machine is like the Swiss Army knife of the gym," says professional rower Michelle Sosa, a Hydrow athlete. "Its multiple purposes include low-impact workouts, high-intensity sprint intervals, low-intensity endurance development, full-body strength training, core training, heart health, and posture control." Swiss Army knife is right—the rower seemingly does it all.
How Do You Use a Rowing Machine?
The motion you use in a rowing exercise is not always intuitive, but it's actually pretty simple once you dial it in. Here's a handy way to remember how to row: legs, core, arms (on the way out) and arms, core, legs (on the way in). Meaning, when you start from the bottom of a stroke (in the catch position), you should extend your legs, hinge your core, then use your arms to row the handle toward your chest. Then you reverse it to go back to the beginning: Extend your arms, let your core hinge forward, then bend your legs. (You can repeat it in your head as a sort of mantra while you're rowing: Legs, core, arms, arms, core, legs.) A lot of the power actually comes from the legs, but you need to keep your core tight while you push back and eventually pull the handles with your hands/arms.
Sosa notes that the biggest misconception about rowing is that it's an upper-body-only exercise. "The bulk of your rowing stroke is accomplished by the legs and core," says Sosa. (See: Rowing Machine Mistakes You're Probably Making)
"Rowing is about 60-percent legs, 30-percent core, and 10-percent arms," says Joseph Illustrisimo, creator of Let's Dryft in San Francisco (a workout that's half on the rower, half strength training—think Barry's with rowers instead of treadmills). "Most of rowing will be working out your hamstrings and booty, but only if you are hinging properly. It should feel like a deadlift. There's also a large amount of core activation. Your core should be engaged the whole time, so you should learn how to dynamically engage those abs and you should feel a burn throughout."
You can ask a trainer at your gym to show you, or opt for an at-home program with instructional videos. Hyrdow is like the Peloton of rowing machines, so if you're in the market for a home gym addition, this would be a useful way to get some live instruction on how to use a rower. "The instruction piece is critical for beginners to ensure you're maximizing your efforts and doing it safely and correctly," says Sosa.
If you want to try a class that incorporates rowing, you ca try CityRow in New York City, Let's Dryft in San Francisco, F45 Training in multiple locations, and Orangetheory Fitness (in certain locations). These all offer workouts that incorporate the rowing machine into their classes. This would give you more IRL intel on how to properly use the rowing machine and how to vary your workouts to keep things interesting.
Rowing Machine Benefits
Let's break down what you actually get out of using the rowing machine. What are some of the benefits of using a rower, and why would you want to hop on one at your gym?

1. Burn a lot of calories. Because the rower offers a combo of strength and cardio training, Tyrrell says it's a "super-efficient way to burn calories." Depending on your body weight and how vigorously you're rowing, you could burn between 400 and 500 calories an hour on the rowing machine.
   
   
2. Improve your aerobic fitness. Tyrrell noted that rowing for even just 15 minutes is "a serious aerobic workout." Rowing regularly can help increase your stamina and endurance while improving your overall cardiovascular health.
   
   
3. Get a full-body workout. You'll truly get a full-body workout with a rowing machine. Get this—this machine uses 86 percent (!!) of the muscles in your body. (Just smile a lot during your workout and you might use 100?)
   
   
4. Improve lower-body conditioning. Because you use your leg muscles so much in this workout (contrary to how it might seem, they're doing a majoring of the work in rowing), he noted that targeted lower-body conditioning—building strength and endurance—is among the top benefits. Strong stems, here you come.
   
   
5. Work out with less injury risk. You have a lower injury risk on a rower machine because it's low-impact, says Tyrrell. Plus, because it's of this, you can work at a high intensity without as much wear-and-tear on your joints. "Higher-intensity exercises like plyometrics and sprinting can sometimes be hard on the body, but low-impact tools like rowing machines and bicycles are great for the body," says Illustrisimo. "You also have many variables to change in your workouts like resistance, pace, and distance."
   
   
6. Build better posture. "Since the rowing machine primarily uses your legs, core, and back, it has loads of postural benefits, and is a great tool to engage the posterior chain [backside] of the body," says Illustrisimo. Working your posterior chain is super important for balancing our muscle strength, reducing injury risk, and helping correct the bad posture that's common in our sedentary society.
   
   
7. Keep your workout beginner-friendly. One of the additional benefits is that it's easy for beginners to try, says Sosa. "You see and feel results quickly, which is great for beginners," says Sosa. But you have to stick with it for more than just a few minutes to make this happen. "Gym goers tend to hop on and off a rower within five minutes due to boredom or confusion, foregoing those results," she explains. Stick it out for 10 to 20 minutes to see an improvement in your form and work long enough to get your heart pumping.
   

Servus Leute,

hoffe jemand hier kann mir mit einem Tipp weiterhelfen... Ich bin auf der Suche nach einem guten Steuerberater. Kennt ihr einen guten?

Guten morgen alle,


eigentlich wollte ich mir schon zu Weihnachten mal eine Spiegelreflexkamera gekauft haben,
aber ganz ehrlich, die sind ja so teuer, also die echt guten Modelle, klar können die auch was,
aber das muss man erstmal aufbringen und nun hab ich gesehen, 
dass in einem Fotogeschäft auch gebrauchte Spiegelreflexkameras verkauft werden,
meint ihr, dass sich sowas dann doch mehr für mich lohnen würde?

Hallo Leute,

wisst ihr, wo ich gebrauchte Mühlen kaufen kann? Könnt ihr einen Anbieter empfehlen?

Solar LED Street Light: Why Is It So Popular?
The LED technology has significantly made the street lights more eco-friendly by reducing the amount of energy consumption. However, most of the existing street lights often face the problem of energy shortages. We can end this dependency on conventional sources of energy to power the street lights by harnessing the sun's power.
Solar LED Street Lights are popular because they are designed to produce light 90% more efficiently than any other street light. The LED technology converts almost 95% of the energy into light. On the contrary, incandescent street light bulbs convert only 10% of the energy into light while 90% is wasted as heat.
In addition to its efficiency, governments around the world are promoting the use of solar energy and LED technology to reduce their carbon footprint without compromising on the availability of energy.
How Does Solar Street Light Work?
Solar street lights are never at the risk of running out of power because they’re based on the most abundant and perpetual source of energy in the world-the sun.
They are designed to be compact and self-sufficient in terms of their power source. The solar panel captures the daylight energy and store it in the battery unit, which powers the street light as required when it is dark.
Today, most solar-powered street lights systems are controlled by sensors.
To maximize the efficiency of solar street light, we have to consider optimizing its components to reduce costs and overall energy usage. The solution is to use energy-efficient technology like LED Street Lights.
How Do I Choose The Best Solar Street Light?
The outdoor solar street lights come in different shapes, sizes, and capacities. There are many alternatives available in the solar LED street light market. Before you decide on the best solar street light, you should consider it in terms of quality, features, design, power consumption, durability, and the most important, customer service.
The choice of a solar street light depends on the place and purpose of its application. The solar street lights requirements for household use are maybe quite different from that of businesses and communities. We have gone through several brands and products of solar LED street lights to help you with your decision.
The following section includes the 10 best LED solar street lights that we picked and tested, along with their ranking and reviews.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using LED Street Lights
Now in cities, street lights can be seen everywhere, and they provide convenience and safety for our life every day. After a long period of development, LED lights are now mostly used in street lights. Compared with high-pressure sodium lamps, the use of LED street light has more benefits.
1.It is a unidirectional light source, without light diffusion, ensuring light efficiency.
2.The LED street light has a unique secondary optical design, which irradiates the light of the lamp to the area that needs to be illuminated, while this further improves the light efficiency to achieve the purpose of energy saving.
3.The luminous efficiency of LED has reached 110-130lm/W, and there is still a lot of space for development, with a theoretical value of 360lm/W. The luminous efficiency of high-pressure sodium lamps increases with the increase of power. Therefore, the overall luminous efficiency of LED street lights is stronger than that of high-pressure sodium lamps.
4. The color rendering of LED street lights is much higher than the high pressure sodium lamps. The color rendering index of high pressure sodium lamps is only about 23, while the color rendering index of LED street lights is above 75. From the perspective of visual psychology, to achieve the same brightness, LED light is more than 20% lower than high pressure sodium lamp.
5. The light decay of LED light is small, it is less than 3% in a year, and it still meets the road requirements after 10 years of use, while the high-pressure sodium lamp has a large decay, which has dropped by more than 30% in about a year. Therefore, the design of the power of the LED street light can be lower than high-pressure sodium lamps.
6. The LED street light has an automatic control energy-saving device, which can achieve the greatest possible reduction in power and energy saving under the condition of meeting the lighting requirements at different times. It can realize computer dimming, time period control, light control, temperature control, automatic inspection and other humanized functions.
7. It can be used for more than 50,000 hours and provides three-year quality assurance. But the disadvantage is that the battery life cannot be guaranteed.
8.Using chips ≥100LM, LED street light can save more than 75% of energy compared with traditional high pressure sodium lamps.
9. It′s easy to install, no need to add buried cables, no rectifiers, etc., directly connect to the light pole or nest the light source into the original lampshade.
10. Excellent heat dissipation control: The temperature in summer is controlled below 45 degrees, and passive heat dissipation is adopted, and the heat dissipation in summer is insufficient.
11. Reliable quality: All circuit power supplies use high-quality components, and each LED has individual overcurrent protection, so there is no need to worry about the damage.
12. Uniform light color: No lens is added, and uniform light color is not sacrificed to improve brightness, so as to ensure uniform light color without aperture.
13. LED does not contain harmful metal mercury, and will not cause harm to the environment when it is scrapped.
Types of indoor lighting
After thousands of years of living with very natural forms of lighting such as moonlight, campfires and candles a massive change came in the late nineteen century. Along came Edison with his incandescent light bulb and DC electricity, and a few years later Tesla with his Alternating Current (AC) electricity.
In the 1940s, fluorescent lighting took off and in the 1960s came LED lights in various colours. The white bright light LEDs are a much more recent invention, really only coming into play from 2010.
This brings us to the two main types of indoor lighting when it comes to the quality of light: thermal lights and non-thermal lights.
Thermal lights are made from heat. With non-thermal lighting, heat isn’t used but other technologies.
Thermal lights include incandescent (that is, old school light bulbs and halogens) whereas non-thermal lights include LED and fluorescent (or any type of energy saving lights, otherwise known as CFLs).
Incandescent light bulbs and halogens are therefore more akin to daylight. Not only because the light is a product of heat but the spectrum of light is also fairly similar to natural light. There are no severe peaks and troughs, the spectrum is gradual and it’s also full of colours. They primarily give off light in the yellow, orange, red, and infrared spectrum.
LED Light Bulbs
Lighting has become something that's easy to take for granted until a bulb goes out. When that time comes, the number of choices available is higher than it's ever been. When shopping for light bulbs, you can sidestep the bans and continue using incandescent bulbs, despite their limited lifespan, so that you don't have to give up the familiar glow you’re used to. Some have taken the first step to using energy-efficient lighting use compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs.
Compared to incandescent bulbs, CFL bulbs seemed like a great upgrade. However, the reduced power consumption and heat output came with two drawbacks. Many compact fluorescent light bulbs don't achieve full brightness immediately or work well with dimmers. This has made it difficult for some to replace their incandescent lights until they could upgrade without these compromises; this is where LED lighting comes into play. When compared to incandescent and CFL bulbs, LEDs generate the same amount of light while using a fraction of the energy. LED bulbs turn on instantly to full brightness and last far longer.
What Is A Solar Panel?
Solar energy begins with the sun. Solar panels (also known as "PV panels") are used to convert light from the sun, which is composed of particles of energy called "photons", into electricity that can be used to power electrical loads.
Solar panels can be used for a wide variety of applications including remote power systems for cabins, telecommunications equipment, remote sensing, and of course for the production of electricity by residential and commercial solar electric systems.
Using solar panels is a very practical way to produce electricity for many applications. The obvious would have to be off-grid living. Living off-grid means living in a location that is not serviced by the main electric utility grid. Remote homes and cabins benefit nicely from solar power systems. No longer is it necessary to pay huge fees for the installation of electric utility poles and cabling from the nearest main grid access point. A solar electric system is potentially less expensive and can provide power for upwards of three decades if properly maintained.
Besides the fact that solar panels make it possible to live off-grid, perhaps the greatest benefit that you would enjoy from the use of solar power is that it is both a clean and a renewable source of energy. With the advent of global climate change, it has become more important that we do whatever we can to reduce the pressure on our atmosphere from the emission of greenhouse gases. Solar panels have no moving parts and require little maintenance. They are ruggedly built and last for decades when porperly maintained.
Last, but not least, of the benefits of solar panels and solar power is that, once a system has paid for its initial installation costs, the electricity it produces for the remainder of the system's lifespan, which could be as much as 15-20 years depending on the quality of the system, is absolutely free! For grid-tie solar power system owners, the benefits begin from the moment the system comes online, potentially eliminating monthy electric bills or, and this is the best part, actually earning the system's owner additional income from the electric company. How? If you use less power than your solar electric system produces, that excess power can be sold, sometimes at a premium, to your electric utility company!
There are many other applications and benefits of using solar panels to generate your electricity needs - too many to list here. But as you browse our website, you'll gain a good general knowledge of just how versatile and convenient solar power can be.