Why do People buy Fridge Magnets and How Useful are they?
Magnets are one of the most popular souvenirs and among the most commonly used items for advertising and brand recognition.
Not only are they extremely useful for sticking important notes and to-do lists on your fridge door, they can also be attached to other metallic surfaces around the home or office. Many people do this with souvenir magnets that serve as a pleasant reminder of their travels and adventures.
Some fridge magnets are not only decorative, but practical as well and can come in all sorts of designs such as magnetic bottle openers, notepads, thermometers and many more.
What are Magnets made of?
There are many different varieties of magnets. Magnets come in all different shapes and sizes and serve various purposes. Some are used as bottle openers or photo frames and due to this magnets tend to be made from all sorts of materials.
Magnets that are made of wood often have a rustic feel and this material is generally used for hand-crafted souvenirs from tourist destinations, with place names etched into them.
Many souvenir magnets that feature famous landmarks are normally made from resin as they have a surprisingly detailed sculpture of the monument or icon that the magnet is depicting.
Magnets produced with a rubber cut design tend to be fun and colourful. These are very popular with the younger generations as they frequently portray comical illustrations of popular buildings or scenes.
Plastic or acrylic fridge magnets often display full colour photos and are likely to be given out as cheap and cheerful keepsakes whereas metal fridge magnet designs normally have embossed or engraved designs which have a very high quality feel and make rather prestigious looking gifts.
Fridge Magnets of the World
Many people have a collection of magnets growing on their refrigerator doors without even giving it much thought. Even if you don’t intentionally pick one up every time you go abroad, you will most undoubtedly have had a friend or two who has thought of you during their travels and brought you a magnet back as a nice, little souvenir.
Garden ornaments are the items or articles used in the gardens, parks, and landscaping to enhance the beauty and appearance to have a pleasing look.
They are made up of weather-resistant materials like stone, concrete, terracotta, ceramic, rustproof alloys and metals, synthetic materials like resins, plastic polymers, etc. Garden ornaments can be broadly classified as follows.

1. Garden plaques:

They can be either horizontal or vertical wall plaques. They appear in huge patterns with scripts and carvings to represent history, name, memorial, or certain garden signs.

2. Garden statuary:

The statue can be of anything like birds, insects, animals, plants, angels, etc. They are placed depending on the surroundings like the tortoise in the pond, butterfly in a garden, which fits accordingly to give a natural look.

3. Garden fountain:

Fountains are the main center of attraction in public parks and gardens. They are decorated with lights of different colors, which gives a must-see look at the nighttime.

4. Garden urns:

They are the decorative type of ornaments usually placed on either side of the pathway or at the entrance. They also serve as beautiful planters with an artistic look.

5. Garden obelisks:

They are made up of different materials or as living obelisks by cutting and shaping the plant. The plant needs to be pruned periodically to maintain its shape.

6. Garden arches:

Similar to the obelisk, they are either living or non-living ornaments. Plants were allowed to grow on arches to give them a pleasant look.

7. Garden ponds and bridges:

The inclusion of a water body with cross-over bridges gives a broader look to the parks, which attracts more public, especially children.

8. Garden hanging:

Bird's nests, wind chimes, artistic pots, artificial fruits, etc. are some examples that are hanged to decorate the garden. Such types of ornaments can be mostly seen in home gardens.

9. Garden furniture:

They serve two purposes in the gardens and parks. You can sit and relax over them and also they add their contribution to the decoration of gardens.

We have several garden ornaments, such as metal garden ornament and so on.
Many people wonder why wind chimes are often used for feng shui adjustments. Two of the main reasons wind chimes are used are because they create sound energy vibrations and bring in the metal element.

First, sound is one way that feng shui practitioners shift the energy of a space. A wind chime can even be used as a space clearing tool to remove negative energy and welcome in new, positive energy. You probably have an intuitive understanding of this; think about how different it feels to be in a silent room, a room with a vacuum going, or the same room with soft music playing. When a wind chime creates sound vibrations, they move through the spaces and objects to shift the energy. Metal wind chimes are especially effective at cutting through any stagnant qi.
9 Tips for a Feng Shui Living Room
The second reason is to bring in the metal element. Metal wind chimes are an easy and beautiful way to add the metal element to your space. Metal element represents clarity, efficiency, and joy. If your intention is to call in these metal element qualities, look for a metal wind chime. Metal is also connected to speech and being able to articulate yourself, so a metal wind chime can help activate an intention to speak up for yourself or communicate more clearly.

How to Locate Wind Chimes for Feng Shui
Wind chimes are especially great additions to the areas of the feng shui bagua map associated with the metal element. These are Dui (completion and children) and Qian (helpful people and travel). Placing a wind chime in either of these areas is auspicious because it activates the metal element associated with these areas.
You can also place a wind chime in another bagua area, or gua, where you want to call in metal energy. Or you can simply locate a wind chime in the room that’s associated with the activity.

Deciding what garden ornament is right for you and your garden is sometimes more difficult than deciding what plants to buy. Don’t rush your decision. Spend some time working out where you might place an ornament and deciding on what type of ornament would look best.

Once you have decided what sort of thing you would like, take your time looking around for exactly what you want. Unless it is exactly what you want, don’t buy the first thing you see. You will regret impulsive buying when you find the “perfect” piece of garden furniture the next week, yet you have already spent your money.

[/url]Style
Choose an ornament that suits the style of your garden. Don’t choose a classical Greek statue if you have a native bush garden. Likewise, a sculpture made from rustic timbers may look out of place in the middle of the lawn in a formal garden.

Size and Number
An ornament should be a focal point in the garden, drawing the viewer’s eye toward it. Too many different ornaments will look cluttered and detract from one another. However, multiples of the same ornament can make a spectacular statement.

Location, location, location
When positioning garden art, it’s all about the location. Think about where people are likely to be when they admire your garden art.[url=https://www.acsgarden.com/articles/art_and_ornaments/04.jpg]
Consider such things as views from the house; views from seats in the garden, from outdoor living areas or from the entrance to your property.
Ornaments or statues should be located where they will enhance such views. Ideal locations are at the end of a vista: perhaps framed by the view through an archway, along a path, or below the canopy of a large tree.
Consider the effect of other things in the garden on an ornament. Overhanging branches may enhance, but can also obscure a view. The reflection of a statue on water or in a mirror set behind it can double the impact.
A backdrop of dark foliage will contrast with a white statue, but may detract from the effect of a dark coloured statue.
Changes in the seasons can also cause changes in the effect created by garden ornaments. Consider what something might look like before and after a deciduous tree has lost its leaves.
Statues
There are a plethora of statues available, including Nudes, Buddhas, Classical Greek/Roman poses, Fantasy (eg. Gnomes and Gargoyles), Asian, South Seas, etc.
They can be large or small; made of stone, ceramic, metal, timber or concrete.
You should think carefully about the size and type of statue that is appropriate to your needs. Even the most perfect statue can look inappropriate if it is put into the wrong garden setting.

Water Features
Garden ornamentation and water often come together in a sculptured pond, wall mounted fountains, bird baths and other water sculptures. With water, the ornament can be given the added attractions of sound and movement.

What is a shopping cart?
Definition: A shopping cart on an online retailer's site is a piece of software that facilitates the purchase of a product or service. It accepts the customer's payment and organizes the distribution of that information to the merchant, payment processor and other parties.
Why shopping carts are important
Shopping carts bridge the gap between shopping and buying, so having the best shopping cart software is extremely important on your website.
It's likely that those just starting out in the market may be unfamiliar with the concept. Most people, especially those in the ecommerce industry, have likely made a purchase online at some point in their lives. That said, most consumers don't fully realize the need and capability that shopping carts have (besides leading a customer to checkout). A cart typically has three common aspects:
It stores product information
It's a gateway for order, catalog and customer management
It renders product data, categories and site information for user display
Another way to look at things is as follows: The online shopping cart is similar to the tangible ones we use at the supermarket, but it wears many more hats. It's also the shelves, the building, the clearance sign, the cash register and often the credit card machine relaying information back to the bank.
What options are there?
For those seriously considering the ecommerce platform route, it's important to know that there are two basic types of carts:
Hosted shopping carts: A third-party firm "hosts" the solution and is responsible for server backups, maintenance and upgrades. The beauty of a hosted solution is that hosting comes free, which means it doesn't cost anything for the third party to keep your site functional on the Web. The main drawback with hosted solutions is that customers will be directed to another domain for payment processing.
Licensed shopping carts: This type of solution allows business owners to build their own type of cart and customize it to their specific needs. There is much greater flexibility in changing features and functionality, as well as in adding third-party tools if need be. However, the upfront costs are often higher and require more hands-on expertise for troubleshooting issues and technical support.
Hosted solutions are often recommended for those who are beginning their own venture because they require less technical expertise. That's not to say all new online retail store owners aren't adept in IT, but a hosted solution may free up time to focus on other aspects of operations. There are numerous providers of shopping cart software on the market today, and companies must first evaluate their individual needs before making a final decision on which solution is best for them.
The Best Stair Climbing Carts for Moving Heavy Loads
Between struggling with arm loads of grocery bags to lifting heavy luggage, hauling things up the stairs can take a lot out of you. Stair climbing carts are designed to roll weighty loads up the stairs, and can come especially in handy when you’re moving—rather than carrying up one box at a time, you can stack them on the cart and roll them up at once.
These trolleys have triple-sided wheels that allow the cart to climb over the rise of each step, roll forward, and then ascend the next one. The best stair climbing cart options have a comfortable and sturdy handle, so rolling it up the stairs won’t strain your hand. Shoppers should consider the trolley size that will suit their needs, along with weight capacity.
Our Top Picks
This guide narrows down the market to present recommendations for top-performing stair climbing carts.
The winkeep Super Loading Stair Climber Cart is a lightweight, sturdy aluminum shopping cart, and you may be surprised by its weight capability: this trolley is capable of handling 220 pounds of cargo. The cart only weighs only 8.8 pounds, so you can tote more purchases, moving boxes, or whatever you plan on carrying. The cart can be used as a standard hand truck for larger boxes or heavier objects. This winkeep model comes with a waterproof large capacity travel bag that can be attached to the trolley. Its padded handle makes pushing or pulling the cart comfortable and easy.
The Super Loading Stair Climber Cart features rubberized back tri-wheels that roll smoothly over curbs, cobblestones, up flights of stairs, or through mud and sand. A stable front stand prevents the loaded cart from toppling over while standing. For added security, winkeep includes an adjustable bungee cord to secure your possessions to the trolley.The entire cart folds flat for easy storage and is quite compact. Comfortable to move on a variety of terrains and capable of pulling groceries, laundry, or boxes, the Winkeep cart will make your trek up the stairs easier.
Finding a cart that won’t take up a ton of space in your home can be difficult. If you’re parking your cart in the garage it may not matter, but when space is at a premium, the fold-flat capability of the dBest Stair Climber Trolley will come in handy. If you’re satisfied with a carrying capacity of 110 pounds, this cart is definitely worth considering. Attaching the large weatherproof bag adds seven compartments, including a large central compartment, front flap for small items, and a mesh beverage sleeve.
We thought we'd put together a few of our best golf trolley accessories and links
Your round can only get better with some accessories to pimp your golf trolley! These days most brands have created an accessory line specifically geared towards bespoke customisation so whether you’re looking for something aesthetically pleasing like umbrella holders, hand warmers or even cup holders to hold your beer (depending on how your round is going).
Umbrella Holder Golf Trolley Accessories
Nobody likes getting wet on their round, add a golf trolley holder to your trolley and take the hassle out of carrying around your brolly. It can also shield you from the 3 or 4 sunny days we get a year.
This Powakaddy umbrella holder can be adjusted to fit most shapes and sizes of umbrellas. The bottom of the holder features clamps that can be clamped over your trolley handle, so it should fit on most trolleys. Please make sure you check on the site link before making a purchase.
The Powakaddy Push Cart Umbrella Holder will keep you and your clubs dry on a rainy day and shaded on a sunny day.
Hand Warmers – Motocaddy Hot Mitts
The Motocaddy Hot Mitts are the best best golf trolley accessories for those who always get cold hands in winter. The dreaded feeling of ice-cold fingers will never be a problem when you have these hot gloves keeping them warm and cosy, with an easy to use plug that attaches right onto your trolley handle! These heaters come on 3 settings so they can accommodate any golfer’s needs – there is sure to be one perfect for everyone!
USB Powered
Adjustable Heat Settings
Easy Control
Compatible With 28V M-Series Trolley with USB Port
Compatible with Motocaddy Power Bank
Shopping Carts are seen in almost every retail store in the United States. Whether you are at a Grocery Store, Clothing Outlet, or a Shopping Center, chances are, you use a shopping cart more often than you realize. Shopping Carts are used and abused daily. Shopping Cart Wheels are exposed to extremely harsh environments from rolling over gravel, hitting curbs, extreme hot and cold elements from being left outside, and even corrosive weather and rain. Due to the repetitive, abusive environments, these wheels and casters can take a beating and tend to wear much faster than most other casters and wheels. Being a large Caster and Wheel manufacturer and wholesale distributor, we've seen many grocery cart repair companies attempt to purchase the cheapest grocery cartwheels to make a quick profit. This is a reason why many grocery cartwheels fail after a short period of time. Quality is the utmost important factor and should always come first over shopping cart casters and wheels.

We have seen the frustration when rolling a cart, and the wheel locks up or refuses to roll. This is why Caster Headquarters only sells the highest quality Shopping Cart Casters and Wheels. Our goal is to eliminate the lower-quality grocery cartwheels that have taken over the industry. The leading manufacturer in Shopping Cart casters and Wheels is P&H Casters. We have teamed up with PH Casters to provide the highest quality shopping cart casters in the industry. What separates a P&H Caster shopping cartwheel from the generic brands in the industry is 5 decades or half a century of quality control and testing to make the perfect wheel to endure the harshest environments. These wheels were made to last and perform from the special polyurethane material on the tread combined with dual quad x precision bearings. This wheel is made to outperform any other shopping cart wheel in the industry.

When new shopping carts roll out of the production line, a PH Caster and Wheel is typically used until the end of its life expectancy; then, many cart repair companies replace it with an inferior wheel to make the most profit. That is the reason there are so many carts in the industry with bad reputations. CasterHQ and PH Caster's goal is to standardize all Shopping Carts in the USA with the highest quality shopping cart-wheel in the world. The benefits of using our products are superior performance and increased longevity. In return, this encourages shoppers to come back and use your store more frequently because of the ease of mobility and quality offered for every shopper. The smallest details make the biggest differences, especially regarding ergonomics in simple tasks such as pushing a cart. If you have ever been to Target, you should automatically recognize how easy it is to push their carts. You will never run into a problem with the wheels or the performance when rolling their grocery carts. This is due to the P&H Caster wheels that we supply to the Target stores. As you can see, Target has realized early on that quality keeps the customers coming back. Whether providing a clean environment or a grocery cart that is easy to roll, they know quality matters.

Some stores where our casters and wheels can be seen include Target, Lowes, Home Depot, Walmart, Kroger, HEB, Kohls, Ross, Macy's, JC Penny, Sams Club, Costco, Ace Hardware, etc. many more big-name retailers. Remember, our casters and wheels are on the new carts. Still, as cart repair companies replace worn-out wheels, they use lower-quality casters and wheels to reduce performance and usability. If you are a shopping cart repair company or an employee replacing the casters and wheels, make sure to use the original, highest-quality shopping cart casters and wheels in the industry. Trust Caster Headquarters when it comes to grocery cartwheels and casters.

Polyimide Film for Harsh Applications
Dunmore offers coating, metalizing, laminating and perforating services for polyimide film. Dunmore can provide additional functionality through engineering and converting to meet particular physical requirements for mechanical, electrical, temperature and chemical properties not inherent to standard polyimide film. Dunmore is one of the leading converters of polymide film in the world.
Polyimide Film Industries and Applications
Polyimide film is typically used in industries such as:
Aerospace - The Kapton? film is converted and layered together to make multi-layer insulation.
Automotive / Industrial - Polyimide films have excellent mechanical, electrical, temperature and chemical resistance making them optimal for demanding industries where performance is critical or harsh exposure conditions exist.
Electronics - Polyimide film is the optimal substrate for high temperature applications like the electronics industry.
Labeling - Polyimide film, with the right printable coating applied, makes an excellent choice for labels used in harsh environments.
Polyimide film is used in applications where reliable, durable performance is required, often in harsh environments. It also can be engineered and converted to meet particular physical requirements for mechanical, electrical, temperature and chemical properties.
What is Polyimide Film?
Polyimide films are used in applications where reliable, durable performance is required, often in harsh environments. Polyimide film is a lightweight, flexible polymer based material that has excellent heat and chemical resistant properties. Polyimide film can withstand temperatures ranging from -269° C to 400° C. In addition to excellent heat resistance properties, polyimide film also has excellent dielectric properties. Typical applications for polyimide film include multi-layer insulation blankets for space, flexible electronics, tapes, and various other high heat applications.
High Temperature Adhesive Polyimide Tape
Adhesive Polyimide Tape offers a combination of benefits. It is a high voltage insulation tape made of thin polyimide film. It is coated on one side with a silicone pressure sensitive adhesive which allows it to bond well to most surfaces and materials. The use of a silicone based adhesive is critically important as it allows Polyimide Tape to offer one of its greatest benefits; high temperature resistance.
This tape can withstand continuous exposure to temperatures up to 200°C, whilst still maintaining dielectric performance (actual mechanical maximum temperature rating is a little higher). When you combine this high temperature tolerance with its all-round adhesive performance, thin and highly conformable construction, solid polyimide film and economic price, you have a tape that can be used in a variety of areas.
Example Applications for Adhesive Polyimide Tape
Insulation of coils in electric motors.
Fastening heating elements.
Insulation for capacitors.
Masking for powder coating.
Bed surface for 3D printing with ABS.
Slot liner insulation.
Insulating and fastening flexible PCBs.
Magnet wire and cabling.
Interlayer insulation in motors and transformers.
Some of the many names we’ve heard over the years for this tape is Kapton Tape, adhesive Kapton, sticky Kapton and that sticky brown tape. With the possible exception of that last one, this is understandable but it is not technically correct.
Just to be clear, our Adhesive Polyimide Tape is not Kapton Tape. It is an excellent high temperature electrical insulation and masking tape with a range of benefits and we are happy to stand behind it without calling it something it is not.

A Transparent Polyimide Film as a Biological Cell Culture Sheet with Microstructures
In recent years, the research on stem cell cultures has been actively performed in order to generate cell populations for the functional recovery of human body parts lost by illness or injury. Polymer materials have attracted attention in this field because they have biocompatibility, good mechanical properties, and outstanding moldability. Moreover, polymers are flexible and cheap when compared to glass materials. Polymer materials are often used as cell culture sheets, and polymer substrates with fabricated microstructures have been reported to support the culture of biological cells. Polymer materials in the form of elastomeric gels, porous bodies, films, and particles are suitable substrates for a biomatrix, and can be applied for the culture of complex living systems. In particular, the porous scaffold fabricated on the cells culture substrate promotes cell growth and survival and reproduces the three-dimensional environmental microcosm that is normally present in the living body. These reports show that the cell culture is greatly influenced by the fabricated structure. Moreover, the porous scaffold has to have a structure that is appropriate for the intended purpose; the scaffold system has to have a small surface so that the seeding density of cells is at maximum.
Culture systems in which osteoblasts were grown in a straight-line structure made of PI, whose width and depth were 5 μm have been reported. In this report, the substrate material used was PI alone and the fabricated structure was a linear shape. The culture of stromal marrow cells (OP9), interstitial cells generated from bone marrow, has been attracting research attention. This is because stromal marrow cells enhance growth factor production, and support multiplication and specialization of hematopoietic stem and precursor cells. Use of these cells has been applied through tissue engineering to generate blood and bone progenitors.
It is anticipated that fabricating fine structures and controlling the growth of different stem cells will allow the generation of sufficient cell populations for use in research or in the clinic setting. To this end, we thought to fabricate and evaluate a fine polymer-based structure in which cells can successfully align and proliferate. Polyimide (PI) has superior heat resistance, mechanical strength, and chemical stability. Therefore, PI is expected to withstand the high temperatures required for the sterilization process. PI-based microstructures have already been shown to be transferable by hot embossing and are therefore suitable for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication processes. However, conventional PI is not transparent and has an opaque tan color, which would make it difficult to observe any cells cultured on PI sheets. Therefore, we focused on transparent PI, which recently became commercially available.
Compared with the lab-scale preparation, the greatest difference for industrial manufacturing of polyimide films is the stretching process. Stretching process, either uniaxial or biaxial stretching of the gel-like PAA films, will result in the full orientation and extension for the polyimide molecular chains.
It shows the main steps of the industrial scale production line of polyimide film by biaxial stretching from PAA precursors. In this procedure, the precursor monomers are firstly introduced into the polymerization reactor containing the solvent. After PAA synthesis, the obtained solution is deaerated and cast in the form of a continuous film onto the surface of a heated rotating stainless steel drum. The solvent is partially evaporated and a part of the imidization reaction takes place simultaneously. Thus, a self-supported PAA film is formed. The gel-like PAA film is peeled from the metal drum and first stretched in the machine direction (MD) while controlling the stretching rate. The PAA film is then stretched in the transverse direction (TD). The solvent is removed by evaporation, and the film is heat treated by means of hot air or radiant heat from an electrical heater to give a biaxial oriented polyimide film. The transverse stretching is carried out at temperatures around 350°C to facilitate the imidization of PAA into polyimide. Such a procedure has been widely used for PI film production, and there has been significant patent activity in the past half century since the commercialization of PI films in 1960s. Up to now, most of the commercially available wholly aromatic PI films have been produced by such kind of procedure.

Hydraulic guillotine shears V.S Swing beam shears
We are always confused by a question that why hydraulic shearing machines are divided into swing beam shear and guillotine shear.why we say hydraulic guillotine shear is upgraded version of hydraulic swing beam shear.compared with the hydraulic swing beam shear,what are the advantages of hydraulic guillotine shear ?
Firstly we lists the key differences between QC12 series swing beam shear and QC11 series hydraulic guillotine shear:
Blade carrier cutting movement
Hydraulic Swing Beam Shears: – Unipivot support，lever principle;Do arc-shaped curvilinear motion around the rear fulcrum.
Hydraulic Guillotine Shears: – Three-point support rolling guide（Lower eccentric shaft, front support shaft，upper eccentric shaft; Do linear vertical motion.
Blade style:
Hydraulic Swing Beam Shears: – Top blade in prismatic shape，can only use two bevel angle cutting edge;Lower blade in rectangular shape，four cutting edge can be used.
Hydraulic Guillotine Shears: – Both upper and lower blade are in rectangular shape;–All four cutting edge can be used.
Cutting angle adjustment:
Hydraulic Swing Beam Shears: – Fixed cutting angle and blade carrier angle;Can only cut in specific angle whatever the thickness of the plate.
Hydraulic Guillotine Shears: – Adjustable cutting angle, different cutting angles are applied for cutting plate with different thickness.Adopt smaller cutting angle can effectively reduce the distortion of sheet metal, and increase cutting speed;Can also increase the shear angle to increase the shear force.
Lubrication point
Hydraulic Swing Beam Shears: – Bevel gears are heavily worn and require frequent lubrication to increase service life.
Hydraulic Guillotine Shears: – Most use self-lubricating spherical plain bearings, basically don’t need to manually lubricate.
Backstop structure (optional)
Hydraulic Swing Beam Shears: – 500W AC motor + universal connection twisted shaft;Easy to cause gaps, no spring buffer, no retract function.
Hydraulic Guillotine Shears: – Inverter + speed motor + encoder + electronic digital display;Stepless speed regulation, low noise, spring retraction and buffer function.
The hydraulic shears are more accurate than the hydraulic swing beam shears
Shear Accuracy
Take 16*3200 hydraulic swing beam plate shears and hydraulic brake plate shears,Both of the blade clearance of the swing beam shear and guillotine shear is 0.04 mm.However, the clearance of the bearing connection between the swing arm and the pendulum body of the swing beam shearing machine cannot be completely eliminated.The accuracy errors between gaps and blade edge clearance are generally above 0.1 mm.Therefore, the accuracy of the swing beam shearing machine is theoretically twice worse than the guillotine shearing machine.The rear guide rail of the guillotine shearing machine is pressed by the bearing withthe compression spring pad on the back, so that there is no gaps between the front and rear guide rails.
The accuracy of the gap between the clearance and the blade edge gap is kept below 0.04 mm, so that the shear material can be made smoother and no burrs.
Adjustable cutting speed on hydraulic guillotine shears and fixed cutting angle on the swing beam shears
Shear Angle
Swing beam shear’s cut angle is fixed angle, shear speed cannot be adjusted for guillotine shears, By adjusting the two engineering cylinder up and down series of closed chamber oil rapid adjustment to achieve the angle adjustment: Shear angle is large, shear capacity increases, shear angle decreases, shear speed up, which has the advantage of saving power and working hours as well as reducing curvature of sheet effectively.
When cutting a sheet with a thickness of less than 20 mm, the shear angle of the swing beam shearing machine can not be adjusted, so the material being cut has a twisted twist. The narrower the cut material, the larger the distortion.The guillotine shearing machine can achieve step less adjustment of the shear angle.
The cut sheet is not easy to be distorted and deformed to ensure the machining accuracy of the workpiece.More importantly, the shear force is stronger after the shear angle is increased.
Nowadays, the famous shearing machine manufacturers all over the world are mainly producing hydraulic guillotine shearing machine, and the price is slightly higher.Compared with the hydraulic swing beam shearing machine, the hydraulic guillotine shearing machine has the advantages of high shearing precision, adjustable shear angle and long service life of the cutting edge.
The Cable Wire Recycling Machine is a waste wire and cable processing and recycling equipment. It has the advantages of small area, low energy consumption, high copper-plastic separation rate, and simple operation. It is favored by market bosses in the metal recycling industry. Mainly recycle and process automobile circuit wires, communication cables, miscellaneous wires, etc., with one feeding and a single machine. The equipment adopts a closed production mode and has a good dust removal effect. The appearance of the Cable Wire Recycling Machine has solved the environmental pollution caused by the incineration of copper. It not only improves the quality of recycled copper, but also has the advantage of recycling plastic. Some rubber shoe factories will use the sorted rubber for the soles of rubber shoes. In this way, it is full of treasures. Cable Wire Recycling Machine equipment is not only a representative of green in the machinery industry, but also reflects the customer's pursuit of interests. The old-fashioned recycling process of waste electric cables-produced under the pressure of major environmental pollution caused by incineration. The Cable Wire Recycling Machine equipment recycles waste wires and cables cleanly and environmentally. It can treat waste wires without causing any environmental pollution. The plastic and metal copper in the cable are fully recovered, mainly by mechanical physical crushing, and then the crushed metal-plastic mixture is separated from the crushed metal and plastic by a specific gravity separator. This is a typical new type of machinery and equipment that turns waste into treasure, conforms to the development of environmental protection and energy conservation, S0 guidance should be strongly advocated.
Types of Press Brakes
Modern press brakes are much safer and don’t require nearly as much effort as earlier models. In fact, modern brakes have increased the speed, quality, and efficiency of bending metals. When it comes these modern brakes, there are three common types: manual, hydraulic, and CNC.
Manual Press Brakes: also known as sheet metal brakes, these are the most common type of brakes. Manual brake presses require you to manually adjust the bending dimensions and angle at each cut, and are best used for the mass production of set bending sizes and angles. Hydraulic Press Brakes these brake presses utilize two hydraulic cylinders, allowing more control and consistent strokes. They are often classified by their movement, up acting or down acting, with each style having its own distinct advantages. CNC Press Brakes: these types of brakes have the highest precision and customization abilities, utilizing computer technology to control accuracy and increase efficiency. When using CNC brake presses, data such as bending angle, plate thickness, width, and grade are entered into a controller by a trained operator and the brake easily handles the rest.
Understanding the working behind a machine can help you make use of the full advantage of the machine. Also, it is important for the maintenance and well-keeping of the machine. Therefore, in today’s article, we will be looking through and understanding the working of a Hydraulic Shearing Machine.
While we are at it, we will also look at other factors relating to a Hydraulic Shearing Machine so that you have a full grasp of what the equipment is all about and the scopes that it has to offer to you and your business. If you are ready, let us start right away.
Defining a Hydraulic Shearing Machine
Before we get to the workings, let us first understand what a Hydraulic Shearing Machine is and its uses. A Hydraulic Shearing Machine is an industrial tool used for cutting metal bars and sheets that you otherwise would find difficult to cut. It includes a combination of rotating blades and disks that allow for the above-mentioned action.
Since Hydraulic Shearing Machines all have the same mechanism (more or less), they can be of different kinds based on their blades’ shapes — linear or circular. There are various ways of shaping a given material or metal, of which shearing is a method. Other methods include bending, cutting, spinning, and rolling.
The Hydraulic Shearing Machine has various uses and is a prime fabricator tool. Accurl has had consistent clients from a variety of industries that utilize these tools. It is mainly used in the manufacturing industry for producing different products.
Some prime products produced by the Hydraulic Shearing Machine are parts of ships, planes, railways, and so on. It is used in heavy-duty industries such as those mentioned above. It also can be used for other industries such as the cooking, electric, and decorative industries.

What is interlocking bricks?
In general, the construction process and masonry are difficult, time-consuming and expensive. Different types of construction methods are considered and developed to overcome the difficulties and problems encountered during construction. At the same time, the materials and equipment used for construction are also fabricated to improve the quality of construction and reduce time and cost. One such breakthrough in the construction industry is interlocking blocks.

Interlocking bricks are an improved form of traditional clay bricks. Each brick is designed to seal itself to other surrounding bricks without the use of mortar. Automatic locking is achieved using the Shear key and the lock mechanism. Depending on the design, the shape of the shear key will vary and provide a complimentary lock on the opposite side of the brick. Load transfer is achieved by shear transfer and gravity.

Interlocking blocks are compacted and stabilized earth bricks, which contribute to the strength of the structure. They are not usually packed. Interlock bricks come in different sizes and locking systems depending on the supplier.
How are Interlocking Bricks made?
High-quality interlocking bricks are made of cement, sand and Stone dust mixed together in appropriate proportions. The required materials are batched and mixed proportionately. Once the required mix is prepared, it is then compressed to form bricks with desirable interlocking patterns. The compression is achieved by using a hydraulic compression system. The bricks are then subjected to curing for about 7 days.
High-quality interlocking bricks are mixed together in appropriate proportions by cement, sand and stone dust. The required ingredients are compiled and mixed in proportion. Once the required composition is prepared, it is compressed to form bricks with desirable interlocking shapes. Compression can be achieved by using a hydraulic compression system. Then the bricks are cured for about 7 days.
Advantages of Interlocking Bricks
There are many reasons why you may want to use Interlock brick. Let us first go over the benefits of interlock bricks:
Economical: Interlock bricks are made of cement with the addition of cement and sand, so they are made of cement at a lower cost than conventional bricks. In fact, interlocking bricks cost 35% less than conventional bricks. Interlock bricks may contain 10% cement, with the remaining mixture containing soil and sand.

Earthquake resistant: The reason is simple. Ordinary brick relies on mortar for its support system. If the mortar fails, the entire wall or building will fail. But interlocking bricks have their own support system that does not depend on the mortar. They effectively support each other.

Governments recommend: In earthquake-prone areas, some governments recommend interlocking bricks. Interlocking bricks may be a better choice if you are building in an earthquake-prone area.

Better insulation in hot areas: Interlocking bricks are also suitable for hot areas. Because it is compressed, it has more mass and the brick keeps the interior of the building cooler.

Environmentally friendly: The use of interlocking bricks can help protect the environment. Not only will they use less concrete and mortar, but building occupants will not need to use as much air conditioning as the interior temperature is lower.

Labor shortage: Not only does it cost less to make interlocking bricks, but it also requires less effort and fewer workers. For example, there is no need to check the water level compared to ordinary brick.

Curing faster: If you want to quickly build a building, interlocking bricks can help. No need for long curing of bricks (only need to cure for 7 days compared to 2 days).
A container yard pavement comprises one or usually more layers of pavement construction materials arranged so as to support and facilitate the handling and storage of containers by a port's container handling equipment over the natural or improved subgrade on which the port is built. In this regard, container terminal pavements are similar in character to highway pavements or aircraft pavements.
However, container terminal pavements are required to deal with the following unique matters:
Wheel loads of container handling equipment can be an order of magnitude greater than those commonly encountered on highways: highway pavement design methods should not be used for container terminal pavements.
It is common for container handling equipment to travel in channellised paths: pavement surfacing materials which have performed well on highways may fail in these areas.
Tyres are often inflated to over 1,000 kPa (145 psi), whereas highway vehicle tyres are inflated to 700-800 kPa (100-115 psi). This can lead to rapid deterioration of surfacing materials.
Braking, cornering, accelerating and running over uneven surfaces increase wheel patch loads applied to a container pavement significantly. Container terminal pavements sometimes fail at the locations where these factors predominate.
Containers rest on four corner castings which can easily lead to deformation of soft surfacing materials.
The sizes and shapes of container terminal pavements introduce onerous drainage requirements which can lead to pavement materials becoming wet and damaged.
Slow moving handling equipment can lead to deformation of flexible surfacing materials.
Container yard pavement comprises a major element in the capital cost of a container terminal so their design needs to minimise both the construction cost and maintenance cost, usually over a fixed period which is related to the commercial arrangements in place.
All parties involved in container terminal pavements need to recognise the following potential issues which are dealt with more fully in the remainder of this report. WG 165 would consider the following matters to comprise a distillation of the potential pitfalls. It is their hope that there will be no more significant container terminal pavement failures. The remainder of this report seeks to provide information and analysis which will ensure that designers/ constructors/operators are able to circumvent any issues resulting from the following factors: materials, design, maintenance, drainage, settlement, automation, ground conditions and units.
While, flexible pavements are the predominate pavement types used in container terminals throughout Australia, no standardised guidance exists either nationally or internationally combining all aspects required for the design, specification and management of flexible pavements for terminal operations. To address these deficiencies, the Australian Asphalt Pavement Association is undertaking a project to develop a fully calibrated design procedure for the design and specification of flexible pavements for container terminals. As part of this project, an assessment of the performance of flexible pavements at over 15 major container and intermodal terminals across Australia was undertaken. This study examined the performance and required level of serviceability of flexible pavements in container terminals, with the pavements in the study being in service for periods from 1 to over 30 years. Some pavements were specifically designed for container handling equipment and operations, while others used designs and materials typical for road and highway applications. Loading on these terminals included highway trucks, terminal trucks and trailers, front end loaders straddle and shuttle carriers. The study looked at the performance as a function of pavement and material design and specification, the required level of serviceability and resulting maintenance intervention requirements for terminal pavements. Pavement performance issues were found to include loss of surface shape, rutting, cracking, damage due to corner casting and damage caused by operations of the terminal, which may or may not effect performance. These were than used to emphasise the requirements for design and detailing of terminal pavements.

What's The Difference Between Open Frame & Closed Frame Panels?
What exactly comes to mind when people say panel display or monitor? Many tend to think of closed frame displays without realizing that it is just one of the possible configurations available. A closed frame display can simply be described as a monitor with a front bezel and is fully enclosed just like most consumer grade LCD monitors. Even many of the industrial grade touch monitors and panel PCs are closed frame displays. Some good examples that one can find are public kiosks, point of sales terminals, and ticketing booths, all of which utilize basic or generic enclosures. But what happens when there is a specific enclosure that one wishes to insert into the display? Perhaps, that enclosure is designed to have specific function or is aesthetically built to be compatible with their brand. Would one then have to remove the display from its existing enclosure, discard it and then insert the display into their exclusive enclosure?
At first glance, this might not seem like such a big deal. One can simply take a regular closed frame consumer grade desktop monitor and remove the display from its casing. Sounds like an inexpensive and cost effective solution, right? Well, let’s explore this a little bit further now. Say there is a need to build kiosks for over a thousand locations. This means we have to include the cost of installation and dismantle labor for more than a thousand monitors. But keep in mind that these consumer grade desktop monitors are not industrial grade and are not meant to function outside of their enclosure nor they are intended to be operated 24/7 like most kiosks. What happens if you have to place the kiosks outdoors? Will it still be able to display properly even when the original enclosure is removed? Can it withstand the harsh conditions and still be able to operate normally?
Industrial Panel PC Open Frame Solution
Removing a display from a consumer grade monitor is not actually the smartest idea. This is where an open frame display can be considered as a perfect solution to the problem. Open frame monitors and touch panels do not have any enclosure such as bezel or housing. Just like the consumer grade desktop monitors, open frame displays come in numerous screen sizes as well as aspect ratios, resolutions and brightness. It is simply a stripped-down version of an LCD panel with just enough support structure and protection in which its internal components are fastened within its metal chassis. Although the open frame displays are significantly more expensive than the consumer grade monitors, the industrial grade components and higher grade LCD panels are quite substantial in durability and performance. Moreover, open frame displays provide greater flexibility by simply inserting additional components inside its chassis to support its application. Existing components can also be easily replaced if they fail and are upgradeable since all components are industrial grade. And since these components are of industrial grade, the unit is more rugged and durable compared to a typical desktop monitor. This allows incremental revisions to a unit rather than having to replace the entire display.
What cannot be overstated is the open frame’s lack of enclosure. This gives the integrator the freedom to create their custom-designed enclosure. Some obvious examples which can be seen every day are cabinets with embedded touch monitors, recessed walls, or tables used for digital signage applications including store front displays, photo booths, arcade games, and even advertising billboards.
VESA Standards For Panel PC Mount
Whether one is considering the traditional closed frame or industrial open frame display to be their optimal solution for their application; one must also take into account on how they will manage to mount their display. Most closed and open frame industrial panels provide a panel mount. However, there may be instances in which the panel display needs to be mounted from the rear. This type of mounting interface for a panel PC is usually not some arbitrary design. If that is the case, then mounting the panel display could very well be the most difficult part in designing your application. The Video Electronics Standards Association, better known as VESA, provides technical standards for panel mounts which is usually referred to as a VESA mount. This standard is defined by 7 sizes each with more than one variant. By having such standard, it allows the integrator to design their enclosure to adhere to a particular VESA mount to help simplify the process.
For many of today’s demand on digital signage applications, a closed frame industrial panel PC might just be the answer. However, it is important that the touch panel is reliable and durable even in high touch operating environments, as well as rugged enough to endure harsh conditions. For other integrators, the option of having an open frame solution can minimize workload and eliminate unnecessary disassembly, plus it can also ease the process of designing their enclosure to integrate with the panel. Furthermore, the panel mount minimizes the frustration of having to design the enclosure, knowing there is a set of VESA standard mount to take into consideration. By taking advantage of any of these 3 possibilities, you can customize an optimal design and solution for your touch panel application.
USB charger
A power adapter that generates the 5 volt DC standard required by USB. The amperage varies, typically from .07A to 2.4A. The charger plugs into an AC outlet, and a USB cable plugs into the charger. USB ports on computers have an upper limit of 500 milliamps; however, USB chargers that come with cellphones and other devices handle one or more amps. The devices sense when they are connected to a computer versus the charger and regulate their current draw.
USB chargers connect to the cable via a Type A USB socket. Geared to the device, the cable has a smaller plug at the other end
What's Inside
Open up a typical charger and you find a couple of chips and several discrete components.
Chargers Are Everywhere
Passengers can charge their devices by plugging them into this USB port on the back of the seat in front of them.
DO Choose the Right Type of Extension Cord for Your Needs
Extension cords fall into three broad categories: occasional use, frequent use, and rugged use. To make sure you find the right types of extension cords for your needs, check the packaging or the cord itself for these designation letters:
indicates general-use cord goods for indoor applications.
indicates a cord designed for outdoor use. The biggest difference between indoor and outdoor extension cords is the insulation. Outdoor versions have bright orange rubber, plastic, or vinyl covers, while indoor cords are much less heavy-duty.
means the cord has standard 300-volt insulation. If you see no J designation, the cord is designed for heavier use with 600-volt insulation.
indicates a household extension cord with parallel wire construction.
means the cord jacket is made of vinyl thermoplastic.
means the cord jacket is made of thermoplastic elastomer rubber (TPE).
indicates an oil-resistant cord.
DO Buy Three-Prong Plug Extension Cords
Standard extension cords are available with either two or three prongs. One prong is “hot,” the second is “neutral,” and the third serves as a path to the ground wire. This third prong drastically reduces the risk of shock and electrical fires by giving power surges a safe place to dissipate.
Of course, you can only use three-prong extension cords with three-prong outlets. If your home has outdated electrical wiring, you may need to upgrade it before converting your outlets to newer three-prong versions designed for enhanced electrical safety.
DON’T Overload Your Extension Cords
Extension wire has a maximum amperage rating, or a limit of electrical current it can safely conduct. Check the device you plan to connect and choose an extension cord with an amp rating higher than the device. If you plan to connect multiple devices, add up all amp requirements to ensure you don’t overload the extension cord.
Tip: If the power requirement on a device is listed in watts, divide the wattage by 110 to convert the rating to amps.
If the cord you’re considering doesn’t give an amp rating, you can calculate its current capacity by its wire gauge. The lower the gauge, the higher the wire’s capacity. Follow these guidelines:
A 16-gauge extension cord is for light duty applications (holiday lights, portable fans, hedge trimmers, etc.).
A 14-gauge cord is for medium duty applications (lawnmowers, power drills, table saws, etc.).
A 10- to 12-gauge cord is for heavy and extra heavy duty applications (chainsaws, circular saws, shop vacs, air compressors, etc.).
In addition to amperage and gauge, you should also consider cord length when choosing the right type of extension cord. Longer cords create more electrical resistance and deliver less power to the connected device. It’s best to use a cord of the proper length to reduce power loss, especially if you’re using a device with a high amperage rating.
DON’T Plug Sensitive Electronics into Ordinary Extension Cords
Extension cords and surge protectors are not the same things. The purpose of a surge protector is to divert or block excess power by grounding it. Even minor surges could damage sensitive electronics, so plugging them into surge protectors (or extension cords with built-in surge protection) is vital.

How to start paper plate making company business
Disposable paper plate making business are the demand of the day for the Food & Beverage industries. Whether it’s a School Canteen, a vendor selling food on the train, or an anniversary party, plastic plates can be easily seen being used. Unlike plastic plates, these are eco-friendly and bio-degradable waste, therefore, preferred over other plates among most of the environment-conscious & developed countries. So paper plate business covers the Indian market as well as other developed countries’ market.

Double die Press paper plate machine cost
Depending upon the type of paper plate making machine, whether fully automatic or semi-automatic, and type of dies used.The cost of Fully automatic Hydraulic paper plate machine ranges between INR 97,000 to 5 lakhs.
New tests by BEUC, the European Consumer Organisation, claim to show that food packaging made of coloured paper and cardboard may contain and release chemicals originating from the inks used for printing.
The claims come amid an ongoing shift from plastic to paper packaging for a range of products.
Paper is the second most used food packaging material after plastics and used for items like coffee cups and straws. But, unlike plastics, there are no EU rules governing paper’s use as a “food contact” material.
With single-use plastics set to be banned in the EU from 2021, the BEUC tests have raised safety concerns over some alternatives like paper. The group says the results show the need for EU-wide laws regulating the use and safety of all paper and cardboard food packaging.
In the tests, BEUC analysed 76 samples of printed paper food container or board food packaging, such as coffee cups, paper straws, printed napkins and grocery products.
BEUC said the findings show that more than one in six samples contained primary aromatic amines, some of which are suspected to cause cancer. Nine samples contained these chemicals above the limit set in the EU Plastic Regulation.
Almost all 76 samples contained UV filters. Some UV filters are suspected to cause cancer or disrupt the hormone system. Further analysis of 21 samples showed that UV filters migrate into food above the recommended levels in six products, including a children’s box of raisins.
The safety of most of the substances found to migrate into food has not been evaluated by the EU food safety watchdog, EFSA.
Reacting to the findings, Monique Goyens, director general of BEUC, told this website, “Most consumers naturally assume that the material in direct contact with their food is free of harmful chemicals but that is sadly not the case.”
Why is industrial packaging important?
Packaging is everywhere. It’s an important component of the consumer-led lives we lead. Whenever we make a purchase online or in the shops, our products are contained in some form of packaging.
But while we are all too familiar with packaging in supermarkets, industrial packaging is often overlooked – and it’s one of the most important links in the supply chain.
Industrial packaging includes everything from blue plastic drums to cardboard boxes, all of which help products to arrive safely and in perfect condition. In this article, we take a look at why industrial packaging is so important.
WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL PACKAGING?
To understand why industrial packaging is so important, you first need to understand what it is.
The goal of industrial packaging is to protect industrial goods while they are being stored or transported. It’s often heavy-duty and versatile, and is designed to store large quantities of goods, from hazardous waste to foodstuff. Industrial packaging is different from the commercial packaging you find in shops in terms of scale and materials used.
Common types of industrial packaging include blue plastic drums, steel drums, cardboard boxes, intermediate bulk containers (IBC) and fibre drums, among many more.
HEALTH AND SAFETY
In an industrial capacity, the most important role that industrial packaging plays is in terms of health and safety. Indeed, many laws and regulations require stringent health and safety standards to be reached and procedures to be followed. Industrial packaging helps businesses to meet their requirements.
It’s designed specifically to store industrial goods, although it’s vital that you select the correct type of packaging for the goods you need to store.
Industrial packaging keeps goods safely stored while they are in the warehouse or in transit to their destination. Packaging such as blue plastic drums, for instance, is certified to hold hazardous waste and chemicals. Containers such as steel drums are certified to hold petrol and other types of fuel.
In the event of an accident, if your goods are stored in the correct containers, the packaging helps to minimise danger to health and safety.
PROTECTION OF PRODUCTS
As well as proving essential for health and safety reasons, industrial packaging protects products from damage or contamination during storage or transport.
Products that need to be sold in a supermarket, for instance, can be boxed up in industrial standard cardboard boxes that offer protection when they are in transport from the wholesale warehouse to the shop floor.
Industrial chemicals can be transported in UN-approved plastic drums, where they will be protected from contamination. Drum liners can help to avoid any cross-contamination while making the drums reusable, too.
Industrial packaging will prevent liquids from spilling, and it will protect goods from being damaged or broken while they are in transit.
ADVERTISING AND BRANDING
As well as playing a role in health and safety and protecting goods from damage or contamination, industrial packaging plays an important role in advertising and branding.
Just as commercial packaging is branded informing you which products you are buying and from which company, industrial packaging can be similarly designed.
Drums, boxes and containers can all be custom-painted with a company’s colours or labelled with their logos. While in storage or transport, extra branding can be a great opportunity to advertise products or services to potential buyers.
LAWS AND REGULATIONS
Industrial packaging is purposefully designed to allow businesses to comply with laws and regulations that govern how industrial goods need to be stored and transported.
It must be UN approved and meet stringent regulations if chemicals, hazardous waste, or any other potentially dangerous goods are stored inside. Many types of packaging, such as plastic drums, have this capability.
If industrial packaging needs to be used for storing foodstuffs, then it must be made from food-grade materials. This prevents any contamination between the materials and the food that is being stored.
Packaging accounts for about half of all worldwide paper consumption
Among the types of packaging paper are all kinds of corrugated cardboard, kraft paper for paper bags and classic brown packaging paper, as well as the cover layers of plasterboard. As a rule, a high portion of recovered paper is common to all of them. They perform important functions in merchandise management: protection from damage during transport and storage, as information carriers or purely for image enhancement.
For this reason, the quality and functionality requirements that packaging paper has to meet differ widely. Generally, worldwide demand for paper, cardboard and paperboard for packaging applications is rising steadily. Nowadays, packaging accounts for about half of all worldwide paper consumption.
At the same time, the industry is facing the challenge of constantly having to adapt packaging papers to current trends in design, ecological compatibility, protective and advertising functions. In the process, numerous conditions have to be considered, such as the suitability and compatibility of the materials for the packaged goods, statutory regulations on hygiene, packaging regulation provisions, marketing aspects, and of course, cost. In this context, we work with our customers to provide tailor-made solutions for each application.

We are experts for packaging paper machines
As a single-source supplier for paper container machine or packaging paper machines, we also focus on efficient and resource-conserving solutions, such as production based on 100 percent recovered paper. By working closely with our customers, we repeatedly achieve breakthroughs in machine speed and grammage. For our customers, this has a clear economic benefit, as more goods can be produced in a shorter time.

Magnetic Flow Meters: How They Work & What Is It
An electromagnetic flow meter is a volumetric flow meter that does not have any moving parts. It is ideal for wastewater applications or any dirty liquid which is conductive or water based. Magnetic flow meters are also ideal for applications where low-pressure drop and low maintenance are required.

Magnetic flow meters will generally not work with hydrocarbons, distilled water, and many non-aqueous solutions.
How does a magnetic flow meter work?
Magnetic flow meters use a magnetic field to generate and channel liquid flow through a pipe. A voltage signal is created when a conductive liquid flows through the flowmeter’s magnetic field. The faster the flow of the fluid, the greater the voltage signal generated. Electrode sensors located on the flow tube walls pick up the voltage signal and send it to the electronic transmitter, which processes the signal to determine liquid flow.
What is the operating principle of a magnetic flow meter?
The operation of a magnetic flow meter or mag meter is based upon Faraday's Law, which states that the voltage induced across any conductor as it moves at right angles through a magnetic field is proportional to the velocity of that conductor.

As applied to the design of magnetic flow meters, Faraday’s Law indicates that signal voltage (E) is dependent on the average liquid velocity (V) the magnetic field strength (B) and the length of the conductor (D) (which in this instance is the distance between the electrodes).
Vortex Flow Meter
A vortex flow meter is a flow measurement device best suited for flow measurements where the introduction of moving parts presents problems. They are available in industrial grade, brass or all plastic construction. Sensitivity to variations in the process conditions are low and with no moving parts have relatively low wear compared to other types of flow meters.

Vortex flow meters operate under the vortex shedding principle, where an oscillating vortexes occur when a fluid such as water flow past a bluff (as opposed to streamlined) body.

The frequency that the vortexes are shed depend on the size and shape of the body. It is ideal for applications where low maintenance costs are important. Industrial size vortex meters are custom built and require appropriate sizing for specific applications.
The Working Principles of Turbine Flow Meters
Turbine flow meters are employed for both lower viscosity gases and liquids with turn down ratios from 7 to 30:1. The use of an appropriate zero drag electronic pick off in place of the standard magnetic type is the reason behind achieving this extended range. The turbine experiences too much extra drag at low fluid velocities due to the standard magnetic type. As a result, the rotational speed is slowed down.
The typical accuracy and repeatability of turbine flow meters are ±0.5% and ±0.1%, respectively. However, it is possible to achieve accuracy of ±0.25% and repeatability of ±0.05%.
Turbine flow meters (Figure 2) are inherently sensitive to Reynolds number. They will not be linear at Reynolds numbers nearing or in the laminar region. Therefore, they should be carefully used in the case of fluids with a broad temperature and viscosity range such as some oils. It is not a problem at constant conditions, but is often hard to achieve practically.
Meter Design
Designing an axial turbine in principal is simple, i.e., putting a propeller in a tube. With years of experience, the basic design has been developed into a relatively complex assembly. The key aspect of any design is keeping the turbine spinning freely. Hence, bearing design and sources of drag within the assembly have been given special focus.
Due to this, it is difficult to make miniature axial turbines as the relative turbine energy is largely negated by the bearing and sensor drags. For rotational efficiency, plain bushes or roller/ball bearings are employed. A ball is generally employed to handle the end thrust. The presence of hydrodynamically designed turbine and bearing supports in some designs creates a low pressure zone in front of the turbine. As a result, the turbine is pulled forward, thus mitigating or removing the end thrust.
The bearing supports lower pressure drop but increases the fluid velocity over the turbine blades. The sensor is typically magnetic and provides a low voltage sine wave output. An electronic pick-up is generally employed for extended flow range, extra accuracy or in the case of operating the flow meter in an electrically noisy environment.
What is an Ultrasonic Flow Meter : Types and Its Applications
The first ultrasonic flow meter was invented by Japanese physicist namely “Shiego Satomura” in the year 1959. This flow meter uses Doppler technology and the main intention of this meter is to deliver the analysis of blood flow. After four years, the earliest flow meters have appeared in industrial applications. At present, there are many manufacturing companies were designing different types of clamp-on flow meters to measure the liquid flow within a pipe. These meters use high-frequency sensors by penetrating throughout the pipe wall as well as the liquid by using Doppler otherwise transit time propagation method. So that fluid velocity and flow rate can be determined.
What is an Ultrasonic Flow Meter?
Definition: An ultrasonic flow meter can be defined as, a meter that is used to measure liquid velocity with ultrasound to analyze the volume of liquid flow. This is a volumetric flow meter that needs bubble or minute particles within the liquid flow. These meters are suitable in the applications of wastewater but they will not work with drinking/distill water. So this type of flow meter is ideal for the applications wherever chemical compatibility, low maintenance, and low-pressure drop are required.
These meters will affect the audio properties of the liquid and also impact through viscosity, density, temperature, etc. Like mechanical flow meters, these meters do not include moving parts. The price of these meters will change greatly so frequently it can be used and maintained at a low cost.
Ultrasonic Flow Meter Working Principle
An ultrasonic flow meter construction can be done by using upstream and downstream transducers, sensor pipe and reflector. The working principle of ultrasonic flow meter is, it uses sound waves to resolve the velocity of a liquid within a pipe. There are two conditions in the pipe like no flow and flowing. In the first condition, the frequencies of ultrasonic waves are transmitted into a pipe & its indications from the fluid are similar. In the second condition, the reflected wave’s frequency is dissimilar because of the Doppler Effect.
Whenever the liquid flows in the pipe quickly, then the frequency shift can be increased linearly. The transmitter processes the signals from the wave & its reflections determine the flow rate. Transit time meters transmit & receive ultrasonic waves in both the directions within the pipe. At no-flow condition, the time taken to flow in between upstream & downstream in between the transducers is the same.
Under these two flowing conditions, the wave at upstream will flow with less speed than the downstream wave. As the liquid flows faster, the distinction between the up & downstream times raises. The times of the upstream & downstream processed by the transmitter to decide the flow rate.
Types of Ultrasonic Flow Meter
Ultrasonic flow meters available in the market are radar, Doppler velocity, ultrasonic clamp-on, and ultrasonic level.
Doppler velocity type meters use reproduced ultrasonic noise to calculate the liquid’s velocity.
Radar type meter employs microwave technology for transmitting small pulses to reflect off a flowing surface back to the sensor for deciding velocity.
Ultrasonic clamp-on type meter is ideal for applications wherever accessing the pipe is difficult otherwise not possible.
Ultrasonic level type meter is ideal for determining the fluid level in both open & closed channels.
Advantages of Ultrasonic Flow Meter
The advantages are
It does not block the path of liquid flow.
The o/p of this meter is different for density, viscosity & temperature of the liquid.
The flow of liquid is bidirectional
The dynamic response of this meter is good.
The output of this meter is in analog form
Conservation of energy
It is appropriate for huge quality flow measurement
It is handy to fit and maintain
Versatility is good
There is no contact to liquid
There is no leakage risk
There are no moving parts, pressure loss
High accuracy
Disadvantages of Ultrasonic Flow Meter
The disadvantages are
It is expensive as compared with other mechanical flow meters.
Design of this meter is complex
Auditory parts of this meter are expensive.
These meters are complicated as compared with other meters, thus it requires specialists for maintaining and repairing these meters
It cannot measure cement or concrete pipes one they rusted.
It doesn’t work once the pipe contains holes or bubbles in it
Can’t measure cement/concrete pipe or pipe with such material lining
Metal tube rotameter and other material flowmeter are used to test the flow parameters of gas or liquid. We have mentioned a lot about the difference between metal tube rotameter and its flowmeter, so we should have a lot of understanding for such a test instrument. However, when using this kind of flowmeter with a float, we will encounter a problem, that is, the pointer of the flowmeter vibrates, so that it is unable to accurately detect the flow.
In the use process of metal tube rotameter, if the site environment is corrosive, acid or alkaline gas will also have a certain corrosion effect on the flowmeter in the air. Rust / rust is a big defect of metal products. Once the article begins to rust, its corrosion will continue, and then it will affect the equipment Very bad. As a metal measuring instrument, metal tube rotameter is easy to rust.
Corrosion will not only affect our use effect, but also affect our service life, so we also need to deal with the corrosion of the surface? So how should we deal with it? This seems to be a problem that users need to understand.
Step or need to start from the usual use of work, that is to say, we should do a good job in the maintenance of the instrument, so as not to make the instrument quickly problems, our use will become more smooth.
And if the beginning of corrosion, then we need to spend a lot of energy to complete the rust treatment work, we can remove its rust surface by cleaning agent. Or solve it in other ways.

The Benefits of Stainless Steel Fittings
Stainless steel is a versatile material that is used in many different applications. The two most common types of stainless steel are austenitic which is highly corrosion resistant and ferritic which is magnetic.

In this blog we are going to break down the basics of what austenitic stainless steel is, the key benefits it provides and where the uses of stainless steel fittings can be most beneficial.

Stainless Steel
All steels have the same basic iron and carbon composition along with nickel, but stainless steel also contains chromium - the alloy that gives stainless steel its well-known corrosion resistance.

Austenitic stainless steel contains high levels of chromium and nickel and low levels of carbon providing a balance of strength, workability and corrosion resistance. The standard stainless steel alloys used in plumbing applications contains between 18-20% chromium and 8-12% nickel, as well as small amounts of carbon 0.08% and manganese 2%. Austenitic stainless steel has the highest corrosion resistance and are the most commonly used type of stainless steel around the world.
Benefits of Stainless Steel Fittings
Stainless steel offers a wide range of benefits to the architect and designer of plumbing systems:

Material Benefits
The combining of corrosion resistance with high strength allows the reduction in wall thickness and weight. Stainless steel is resistant to heat and chemical damage. It can withstand very high flow rates - in excess of 40m/s, making it capable to withstand long-term exposure to the elements in almost any environment.

Environmental Benefits
Stainless steel can be used in all types of water, including drinking water in public supply. It has an excellent resistance to the full range of potable waters, including various chloride levels. At the end of its useful life, stainless steel is fully recyclable and retains a higher residual scrap value than ordinary steel.

Economic Benefits
Stainless steel is low maintenance and requires no additional coating, in both indoor and outdoor applications. The expected lifetime of a stainless steel system is more than 50 years, reducing system down time, replacement and maintenance costs over the life of the installation.

Stainless Steel Fitting Applications
With all the benefits that come with stainless steel there are equally just as many applications where these fittings can be utilized. Here are some key beneficial areas:
Residential & Commercial water systems that are subject to various stresses.
Commercial & Industrial piping systems that are needing to perform well under the toughest and harshest conditions.
Industrial Projects for sanitary or highly corrosive applications.
There are three kinds of marine hydraulic flange standards: asian system represented by Japanese standard, European system represented by German standard and North American system represented by the United States. German standard and American standard varieties are more complete, but in the shipbuilding industry is far less than the use of Japanese standard. The conventional flange of JIS is more popular, while the hydraulic flange is not separate into a system, commonly used only 210 Kgf /cm2, 280 Kgf /cm2 and 350 Kgf /cm2 three specifications.
For a long time, high pressure marine hydraulic flange has few specifications, high price, long delivery time and other problems in the market. Considering that the number of hydraulic flanges required throughout the ship is not much. Some shipyards with machining ability often manufacture high-pressure hydraulic flanges by themselves. This paper mainly discusses the basic points of marine hydraulic flange design and gives a design example.

Marine flange design
There are many methods for marine flange design, such as bach method based on material mechanics, waters method based on elastic analysis by TY8100 method, and analysis method based on plastic limit load, etc. These methods are too cumbersome and complicated for engineering applications. Based on the JIS hydraulic flange standard, this paper explores a design method suitable for shipyards.
What components make up a full hose assembly?
When looking at a full hose assembly, it is basically a length of hose with a properly attached fitting on each end. Robert J. Koehler, Sr. Training Specialist at Eaton Corporation, explained that a hose assembly is composed of the hose and the end fittings, which are determined by the application in which the hose assembly is going to be placed.
Hydraulic hoses have three major components, he said, which include the following:
Tube: The tube is the inner-most portion of the hose. Its role is to convey the media from one end of the hose to the other and protect the outside from the media or fluid being conveyed.
Reinforcement: The reinforcement is the strength of the hose and comes in a variety of types, including braided, spiral and helical.
Cover: The cover is designed to protect the reinforcement and tube from the outside environment.
“Each of these three components plays an important role to allow the hose to work in a variety of environments,” Koehler added. “These hoses are designed to meet different specifications and requirements that arise with the different environments where hoses will be installed.”
“Fittings are usually made of metal, such as carbon steel, stainless steel, brass and so on. Within these fittings there are two major components,” he continued.
Fitting components are comprised of the following:
Socket: The socket is the portion of the fitting that goes over the outer cover.
Stem: The stem is the portion of the fitting that goes directly into the I.D. of the inner tube of the hose. It extends out of the hose and into the connecting end. The connecting end of the fitting is the portion of the fitting that allows the hose to connect to other components.
Hydraulic Hose Definition
A hydraulic hose conveys hydraulic fluid to or between hydraulic components. Components include valves, tools, and actuators. Hydraulic hose is usually flexible and reinforced.
Hose is often made up of several layers of reinforcement. This is necessary because hydraulic systems operate at high pressures.
Needless to say, hydraulic hoses are essential parts of any hydraulic system. The hoses are flexible enough to bend around corners and fit in tight spaces. They can also stretch over long distances.
What is Hydraulic Hose Made Of?
Hydraulic hoses are often constructed of multiple materials. The most common materials are fluoropolymers and silicone, elastomers, metal, and thermoplastics. Composite or laminated materials are also common.
Rubber and elastomeric hydraulic hose is a strong choice when you need flexibility. Fluoropolymer hose has a durable flex life as well. It also has excellent corrosion and chemical resistance, and it can handle high temperatures.
Thermoplastic hydraulic hose has a tight minimum bend radius. It also features superior resistance to kinks. Metal hoses handle high temperatures and high flow materials well.
They can also handle high pressures. Finally, they can be flexible or stiff.
Flexible hoses are easy to install and route compared to rigid tubing. The flexibility reduces noise and vibrations. It also dampens pressure surges and allows for movement between the parts.
Hydraulic Hose Construction
Most hydraulic hose consists of three main parts. They have an inner tube to carry the fluid. Next is a reinforcement layer, followed by a protective outer layer.
The inner tube is flexible and compatible with the fluid it will carry. A common compound is a combination of synthetic rubber, thermoplastics, and PTFE (Teflon).
The reinforcement layer has multiple sheaths. The sheaths include spiral-wound wire, braided wire, or textile yarn. The outer layer is often resistant to abrasion, oil, or weather, depending on its intended use.
What are the components of a hydraulic hose assembly?
The hydraulic system definition is that which transmits pressurised hydraulic fluid within a mechanical system. Hydraulic hose assembly includes the hose and its fittings. There are different types of hydraulic hoses, but they all have the same components:
What are hydraulic hoses made of?
Hydraulic tube material typically includes a thermoplastic, synthetic rubber and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to resist corrosion and chemical impact. The thermoplastics used are often polyamide, polyester and even fluoropolymers, which has a high resistance to solvents, acids, and bases.
Hydraulic hose fittings
There are different types of hose fittings. Their purpose is to connect hoses securely to your hydraulic system’s components, such as valves, cylinders and pumps. It’s the fittings that help hold and direct the flow of fluid, maintaining the pressure while preventing leaks.
Fittings consist of the same two components. The hydraulic hose socket, along with the stem, mate the hoses. The socket goes over the hose cove while the stem fits into the tube’s inner tube. The stem extends out from the hose and acts as a connector for equipment to attach to.

How a Car Battery Starts a Car
The first purpose of an auto battery is to provide power for starting your vehicle. It also acts as a surge protector for the car's computer and provides power for short-term use of things like lights, stereo, GPS or wipers when the engine is off.
The car battery is part of the starting system. There are three main components in this system:

The switch controls the starter relay (also called a solenoid). When you turn the ignition, it sends a small electrical current to the starter relay. This causes a pair of contacts to close.

When those contacts close, the battery sends voltage to the starter motor, which turns some gears to start the car.
What Are Cold Cranking Amps?
Cold cranking amps (CCA) refers to the amount of power a battery can supply for 30 seconds even at low temperatures. Larger engines require more power to start, as does starting the car for the first time on a cold day.
A high CCA rating is important for standard auto batteries in areas with subzero temperatures, since deeply discharged wet cell batteries can freeze solid in such weather.
How the Car Battery Recharges
The alternator is responsible for recharging your car battery as you drive. This part also supplies power for your car’s electronics when you're underway. It is driven by the alternator belt from the engine. As the belt goes around, it generates electrical current to run your vehicle's electronics. It also sends some current back to the battery to recharge it.
A voltage regulator controls this flow of electricity to keep it even and deliver the right amount of charge to meet needs like running the AC or heater. It also protects the battery from overcharging, which can damage it.
Why Does My Battery Die?
Over the life of a battery, discharge-recharge reactions happen thousands of times. Each cycle wears out the plates a bit, and over time the lead deteriorates. As your car battery loses capacity, cold cranking amps decrease.
Deep discharging, which happens when you use the battery to run the stereo, lights or other electrical systems in your car when the engine is off, is responsible for a good portion of battery failures. Discharging most of your battery's capacity by using it in this manner for too long and then recharging it through driving can cause the sulfur in the electrolyte solution to stick to the lead and create other damage to the plates in the battery.
What Are the Different Types of Auto Battery?
The two most common auto batteries for sale today are standard wet cell batteries and absorbed glass mat (AGM) batteries. Both use lead-acid technology. The differences are in the needs of the car.
Standard Wet Cell Batteries
These are also called flooded, conventional or SLI (starting, lights, ignition) batteries. Some standard batteries have vents that allow for airing out corrosive gases, steam, and condensation (these may be called vented batteries). They have removable caps for adding fluid. Other wet cell batteries are closed systems, with no removable caps.
Service needs: Occasional simple maintenance including cleaning off corrosion on terminals and topping off the fluid with distilled water if the battery has removable caps. The battery should be visually checked every year. Battery charge should be checked before road trips and after summer before temperatures fall.
Lithium ion power battery the lives of millions of people each day. From laptops and cell phones to hybrids and electric cars, this technology is growing in popularity due to its light weight, high energy density, and ability to recharge.

THE BASICS
A battery is made up of an anode, cathode, separator, electrolyte, and two current collectors (positive and negative). The anode and cathode store the lithium. The electrolyte carries positively charged lithium ions from the anode to the cathode and vice versa through the separator. The movement of the lithium ions creates free electrons in the anode which creates a charge at the positive current collector. The electrical current then flows from the current collector through a device being powered (cell phone, computer, etc.) to the negative current collector. The separator blocks the flow of electrons inside the battery.
CHARGE/DISCHARGE
While the battery is discharging and providing an electric current, the anode releases lithium ions to the cathode, generating a flow of electrons from one side to the other. When plugging in the device, the opposite happens: Lithium ions are released by the cathode and received by the anode.
What Is a Car Generator?
The Car Generator utilizes a car’s alternator to supply power to external appliances like a home furnace, refrigerator, or lights.
The Benefits of a Car Generator
The obvious benefit of using a Car Generator is that it can create 1,000W of power when needed. And because the power is coming from a car battery while its engine is running, there’s less noise and lower emissions compared to a typical gas generator. Plus, the Car Generator actually uses less fuel.
Most vehicle engines can handle long periods of idling without detriment to the auto. And as long as there’s gasoline in the tank of the vehicle, the Car Generator can transfer its power to external appliances. So, with a full tank, most users can expect 50 to 80 hours of electrical power.
The Disadvantages of a Car Generator
There are a few drawbacks to consider, however, when using a Car Generator. If, for instance, a load of over 1,000W is put on the system, damage may occur to the vehicle’s alternator. 1000W will require about 90 to 100 amps off the alternator which most can put out without problem. The problem comes when this load is used for extended periods of time. This can overheat the alternator and melt internal windings. This means that you must take care when accumulating several appliances on the electrical line.
For example, most air conditioners require more power than this device can support, as do microwaves and other high heating appliances, so check their wattage requirements before using.
The other consideration may be the wear and tear on the existing vehicle from long idling times. Regularly maintain your auto before taxing its extended running capabilities.
With the development of electric vehicle electronic control unit (ECU) for vehicle control technology and the key to raise the level of design electric vehicles the optimization control of the vehicle performance as direction. In order to achieve the rational, coordination of vehicles within the system of integrated control, based on the modular thought, through constructing the distributed control network design overall structure of the control system of pure electric vehicle, the vehicle controller is analyzed on the working principle and its function realization degree, as a pure electric vehicle control system provides the theory basis for performance evaluation.
The development of manufacturing and management, technologies over the previous decade has transformed the automotive industry. The engine management system is undoubtedly one of the most intelligent systems in today’s automobile. The purpose of this paper is to design and simulate an automotive engine management system. Based on a PIC development board, we design and implement engine control functions which include an ignition system, acceleration, deceleration, emergency brakes, hand brakes, speed, and distance travelled. The C language is chosen for the development of PIC microcontroller. Results have shown and proven the success of the proposed system.
Automotive electronics technologies such as autonomous driving, all-electric cars, and in-car infotainment are the new trends in the automotive industry. Automotive vehicles are transforming into the “ultimate electronic devices.” Automotive electronics are predicted to constitute near a third of the total cost of the entire car. The automotive transformations give rise to new features and challenges including (i) autonomous driving (ii) all-electric cars with extreme high power, and (iii) high-speed and secure communications and infotainment.
In recent years, vehicle sensor improvements have led to increasingly advanced autonomous driving technologies that enable higher awareness and visibility. The special advanced features in the vehicle include adaptive cruise control, park assistance, lane-keep assistance, pedestrian detection, and traffic-sign recognition summarizes automotive electronics technology into five main categories as shown. In all five categories, an increasing number of electronics from different function sections are integrated into complex electronic systems. These electronic systems often address multiple categories simultaneously. The transition from mechanical systems to electronic systems in the automotive platform requires both higher electrical signal performance and mechanically reliable electronic packaging